rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.4.1522-1536GNFZGFrusjel-108Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМECONOMICS AND NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENTИранский нефтяной контракт (IPC) - новое поколение нефтяных контрактовIran petroleum contract (IPC) - a new generation of oil contractshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-5610ХадавимогаддамФ.HadavimoghaddamF.Fahimemoghaddam@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1444-4142МостаджеранГ. М.GortaniM. M.Mostajerang.m@gubkin.ruРоссийский государственный университет нефти и газа им. И. М. ГубкинаРоссияRussian State University for Oil and Gas named after I. M. GubkinRussian Federation20193012201913415221536Copyright © Хадавимогаддам Ф., Мостаджеран Г.М., 20192019Хадавимогаддам Ф., Мостаджеран Г.М.Hadavimoghaddam F., Gortani M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/108

Цель: оценка контрактов нового поколения (IPC, ИНК, Иранский нефтяной контракт) в начальном секторе нефтегазовой промышленности, а также сравнение их с предшествующими контрактами иного типа, использующимися мировыми производителями в упомянутом секторе.Методы: диалектический, сравнительный, описательный, абстрактно-логический, метод системного анализа. Результаты: в постсанкционный период Ирана нефтяные контракты новой модели (IPC) становятся все более привлекательными для иностранных инвесторов. При определенных обстоятельствах у иностранных нефтяных компаний появляется возможность резервировать запасы, однако иностранные компании все равно не могут иметь нефтяные месторождения в собственности. Одним из ключевых преимуществ контрактов нового типа стала возможность интенсификации процесса развития, разведки и оптимальной эксплуатации нефтегазовых месторождений страны, повышение коэффициента извлечения нефти и газа. В статье дается общая характеристика новых нефтяных контрактов, определяются основные сферы их применения. Систематизируются ключевые проблемы, связанные с предыдущим режимом выкупа, о которых новая договорная модель либо умалчивает, либо не дает всей необходимой информации для полного понимания предлагаемого распределения рисков, такие как вопросы выкупа, коммерциализации, управления и т. д. Определяются основные преимущества новых интегрированных нефтяных контрактов, такие как возмещение затрат, более сложная ценовая структура, а также переход к модели совместного предприятия и сравнительные преимущества новых контрактов по сравнению с контрактами обратного выкупа.Научная новизна: в статье проведен сравнительный анализ новых интегрированных нефтяных контрактов Ирана и контрактов обратного выкупа, а также систематизация ключевых преимуществ и недостатков контрактов нового типа. Практическая значимость: результаты исследования могут быть использованы в научной и учебной деятельности высших учебных заведений, а также органами государственной власти при разработке государственной политики в области нефтедобычи и переработки

Objective: to estimate the new generation of contracts (IPC, IOC) in the initial sector of oil industry and to compare them with previos contracts of other types used by the global producers in this sector.Methods: dialectical, comparative, descriptive, abstract-logical, and the method of system analysis.Results: in Iran of the post-sanctions period, the new model oil contracts (IPC) are becoming increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Under certain conditions, foreign oil company acquire the opportunity to reserve stocks, but foreign companies still cannot own oil deposits. One of the key advantages of the new contracts is the possibility to intensify development, search and optimal exploitation of oil and gas deposits, and to increase the coefficient of oil and gas extraction. The article presents a general characteristics of the new oil contracts, identifies the key spheres of their application. The key problems are systematized, related to the previous buy-back regime, which are either concealed in the new contract model, or information is insufficient for complete comprehension of the supposed risk distribution, such as the issues of buyback, commercialization, management, etc. The main advantages of the new integrated oil contracts are identified, such as: cost reimbursement, more complicated price structure, and transition to the model of a joint venture, as well as the advantages of the new contracts compared to buy-back contracts.Scientific novelty: the article presents a comparative analysis of the new integrated oil contracts in Iran and buyback contracts, and systematizes the key advantages and disadvantages of the new contracts.Practical significance: the research results can be used in scientific and academic activity of universities, as well as by state authorities when elaborating state policy in the sphere of oil production and processing.

экономика и управление народным хозяйствомиранский нефтяной контрактнефть и газкапитальные расходынекапитальные расходыдоговоры обратного выкупа (Buy-back)нефтяные операциииностранные инвестицииEconomy and national economy managementIranian oil contractOil and gasCapital costsNon-capital costsBuy-back contractsOil operationsForeign investmentsReferencesTaghizade Ansari M. The legal system of product sharing agreements in the oil and gas industry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, 2012, pp. 17-24 (in Persian).Taghizade Ansari M. The legal system of product sharing agreements in the oil and gas industry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, 2012, pp. 17-24 (in Persian).Hosseini S. M. New Iranian oil contract, Imam Sadiq University and Sharif University of Technology, 2015, pp. 79-87 (in Persian).Hosseini S. M. New Iranian oil contract, Imam Sadiq University and Sharif University of Technology, 2015, pp. 79-87 (in Persian).Amani M. International law of oil contract, Tehran, Imam Sadiq University publication, 2012, 25 p. (in Persian).Amani M. International law of oil contract, Tehran, Imam Sadiq University publication, 2012, 25 p. (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N. Course Note on Oil and Gas Law, University of Tehran, 2016, pp. 99-115 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N. Course Note on Oil and Gas Law, University of Tehran, 2016, pp. 99-115 (in Persian).Emadi Mohammad Ali. The New Model of Iranian Oil Contracts (IPC), Conference The New System of Oil Industry Contracts, Tehran, 2013, p. 65.Emadi Mohammad Ali. The New Model of Iranian Oil Contracts (IPC), Conference The New System of Oil Industry Contracts, Tehran, 2013, p. 65.Shiravi A., Ebrahimi S., Asgharian M. Exploration and Development of Iran's Oil Fields through Mutually Negotiating Contracts, International Legal Journal, Presidential Center for International Legal Affairs, 2009, No. 41, pp. 35-69 (in Persian).Shiravi A., Ebrahimi S., Asgharian M. Exploration and Development of Iran's Oil Fields through Mutually Negotiating Contracts, International Legal Journal, Presidential Center for International Legal Affairs, 2009, No. 41, pp. 35-69 (in Persian).Zabbah L. Investment Challenges in Iranian Oil & Gas Sectors - A Legal Approach, Institute for International Energy Studies (IIES), 2008, pp. 1-17 (in Persian).Zabbah L. Investment Challenges in Iranian Oil & Gas Sectors - A Legal Approach, Institute for International Energy Studies (IIES), 2008, pp. 1-17 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N, Montazer, Massoudi. Legal Principles Governing Upstream Service Contracts for the Iranian Oil and Gas Industry, Iranian Energy Economics, 2010, p. 18 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N, Montazer, Massoudi. Legal Principles Governing Upstream Service Contracts for the Iranian Oil and Gas Industry, Iranian Energy Economics, 2010, p. 18 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N. Upstream petroleum Contracts, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, 2012, pp. 199-235 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N. Upstream petroleum Contracts, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, 2012, pp. 199-235 (in Persian).Ebrahimi N. Upstream Oil and Gas Contracts of Islamic Republic of Iran and Explanation of Legal Implications and Requirements of New Contracts, Journal Iranian Energy Economics Research, 2015, No. 10, pp. 1-26 (in Persian).Ebrahimi N. Upstream Oil and Gas Contracts of Islamic Republic of Iran and Explanation of Legal Implications and Requirements of New Contracts, Journal Iranian Energy Economics Research, 2015, No. 10, pp. 1-26 (in Persian).Derakhshan M. Desired Properties of Oil Contracts: An Economic-Historical Approach to the Performance of Oil Contracts in Iran, Iranian Energy Economics, 2015, No. 9, pp. 53-113 (in Persian).Derakhshan M. Desired Properties of Oil Contracts: An Economic-Historical Approach to the Performance of Oil Contracts in Iran, Iranian Energy Economics, 2015, No. 9, pp. 53-113 (in Persian).Ebrahimi S. N, Shiriyan M. Oil and gas contracts of the Islamic Republic of Iran system and explanation of legal consequences and requirements of new contracts, Iranian Journal of Energy Economics, 2014, No. 10, pp. 1-39 (In Persian).Ebrahimi S. N, Shiriyan M. Oil and gas contracts of the Islamic Republic of Iran system and explanation of legal consequences and requirements of new contracts, Iranian Journal of Energy Economics, 2014, No. 10, pp. 1-39 (In Persian).Derakhshan M. National interests and policies for the exploitation of oil and gas resources, Journal of Parliament and Research, Research Center of the Parliament, 2002, No. 34, pp. 7-52 (in Persian).Derakhshan M. National interests and policies for the exploitation of oil and gas resources, Journal of Parliament and Research, Research Center of the Parliament, 2002, No. 34, pp. 7-52 (in Persian).Mousavi Seyyed Hassan. Review of the most important contractual templates in the upstream of oil and regulations governing them, Conference legal affairs of the National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, 2011, p. 138 (in Persian).Mousavi Seyyed Hassan. Review of the most important contractual templates in the upstream of oil and regulations governing them, Conference legal affairs of the National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, 2011, p. 138 (in Persian).Montazer Mehdi, Ebrahimi S. The Position of Bipartite Contracts in Upstream Projects of Iranian Oil and Gas and Comparing them to Production Contribution Contracts, International Legal Journal, 2013, No. 49, pp. 215-232 (in Persian).Montazer Mehdi, Ebrahimi S. The Position of Bipartite Contracts in Upstream Projects of Iranian Oil and Gas and Comparing them to Production Contribution Contracts, International Legal Journal, 2013, No. 49, pp. 215-232 (in Persian).Ebrahimi Seyyed Nasrallah. Contemporary Developments in Upstream Iran's Oil & Gas Industry, Designing and Proposing the New Generation of Upstream E & P Contracts, Conference on Development and Operation Systems Development in the Upstream of Iran's Oil and Gas, Tehran, 2011, pp. 269-287 (in Persian).Ebrahimi Seyyed Nasrallah. Contemporary Developments in Upstream Iran's Oil & Gas Industry, Designing and Proposing the New Generation of Upstream E & P Contracts, Conference on Development and Operation Systems Development in the Upstream of Iran's Oil and Gas, Tehran, 2011, pp. 269-287 (in Persian).Green Book: Oil Law, Statute of NIOC and Six Contracting Oil Agreements, PR of Ministry of Oil, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), 1974 (in Persian).Green Book: Oil Law, Statute of NIOC and Six Contracting Oil Agreements, PR of Ministry of Oil, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), 1974 (in Persian).Ebrahimi N. Shahmoradi. S. A comparative analysis of constractual considerations in oil and gas contracts with an emphasis on Iraninan Petroleum contract, Oil, gas & Energy Law Intelligence (OGEL) 15, 2017, No. 3, pp. 1-22.Ebrahimi N. Shahmoradi. S. A comparative analysis of constractual considerations in oil and gas contracts with an emphasis on Iraninan Petroleum contract, Oil, gas & Energy Law Intelligence (OGEL) 15, 2017, No. 3, pp. 1-22.New Model: Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC), The Conference of Introduction IPC, Oil Contracts Restructuring Committee, Tehran, 2014 (in Persian).New Model: Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC), The Conference of Introduction IPC, Oil Contracts Restructuring Committee, Tehran, 2014 (in Persian).Shiravi A., Ebrahimi N. Exploration & Development of Iran’s Oilfields through buyback, Natural Resources Forum, 2006, p. 74.Shiravi A., Ebrahimi N. Exploration & Development of Iran’s Oilfields through buyback, Natural Resources Forum, 2006, p. 74.Otman W. A. The Iranian Petrolium Contracts: Post, Present& Future Perspective, O.G.E.L (Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence), 2007, Vol. 5, Is. 2, available at: www.ogel.org/article.asp?key=2496 (access date: 30.06.2019).Otman W. A. The Iranian Petrolium Contracts: Post, Present& Future Perspective, O.G.E.L (Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence), 2007, Vol. 5, Is. 2, available at: www.ogel.org/article.asp?key=2496 (access date: 30.06.2019).Petrossian Vahe. Iran buyback trail adds to output total, Upstream, 2004, No. 9 (39), p. 24.Petrossian Vahe. Iran buyback trail adds to output total, Upstream, 2004, No. 9 (39), p. 24.Groenendaal Willem J. H. van, Mazraati Mohammad. A critical review of Iran’s buyback contracts, Energy Policy, 2006, No. 34, pp. 3709-3718.Groenendaal Willem J. H. van, Mazraati Mohammad. A critical review of Iran’s buyback contracts, Energy Policy, 2006, No. 34, pp. 3709-3718.Aminzadeh Aghababaei dehkordi. The production sharing contract and compare its efficiency with a buyback, Journal of Law Justice, 2014, No. 78-87, pp. 7-29 (in Persian).Aminzadeh Aghababaei dehkordi. The production sharing contract and compare its efficiency with a buyback, Journal of Law Justice, 2014, No. 78-87, pp. 7-29 (in Persian).Bunter Michael A. G. The Iranian Buy Back Agreements, Journal Oil, Gas & Energy Law (OGEL), 2009, pp. 1-20.Bunter Michael A. G. The Iranian Buy Back Agreements, Journal Oil, Gas & Energy Law (OGEL), 2009, pp. 1-20.Ghandi Abbas, Lin C.-Y. Cynthia. Do Iran’s Buy-Back Service Contracts Lead to Optimal Production? The Case of Soroosh and Nowrooz, University of California at Davis, 2011, pp. 1-39.Ghandi Abbas, Lin C.-Y. Cynthia. Do Iran’s Buy-Back Service Contracts Lead to Optimal Production? The Case of Soroosh and Nowrooz, University of California at Davis, 2011, pp. 1-39.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.