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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.4.1661-1683</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VYRLOI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бесплатные деньги, но не свободные от налога: методика налогообложения хардфорков криптовалют</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Free money, but not tax-free: a proposal for the tax treatment of cryptocurrency hard forks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Су</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> г. Нью-Йорк </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа права Фордемского университета</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fordham University School of Law</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1661</fpage><lpage>1683</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Су Д., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Су Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Xu D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/118">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/118</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: выявление и изучение проблем, связанных с налоговым режимом хардфорков криптовалют.Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой, социологический. Результаты: криптовалюты привлекают всеобщее внимание как одна из крупнейших финансовых инноваций современности. Не менее интересны такие события в сфере криптовалют, как ветвления (хардфорки), происходящие все более часто. Говоря упрощенно, хардфорк криптовалюты - это разделение одной криптовалюты на две, в результате чего владельцы первоначальной валюты бесплатно получают разветвившуюся валюту. Таким образом налогоплательщики США уже получили миллиарды долларов. Хотя попытки законодательного регулирования в этой сфере предпринимаются постоянно, Налоговое управление США (IRS) до сих пор не обнародовало своей четкой позиции по налоговому режиму хардфорков криптовалют. Отсутствие практического руководства приводит к тому, что налогоплательщики в последние несколько лет затрудняются при заполнении налоговых деклараций.Научная новизна: в статье разработана и обоснована методика налогообложения при хардфорке криптовалют, описывается технология, лежащая в основе ветвления криптовалют (хардфорк), рассматриваются рекомендации Американской ассоциации юристов (ABA) и Ассоциации бухгалтеров с международной профессиональной сертификацией (AICPA), а также существующая практика Японии и Великобритании. Предлагаемый механизм правового регулирования налогообложения в случае ветвления криптовалют состоит во введении двухаспектного налога. Первый налог начисляется на прибыль от получения разветвившейся валюты, а второй - на прибыль от распоряжения ею. В то же время в работе приводятся решения таких сопутствующих проблем, как оценка стоимости валюты, определение налоговой базы, периода владения и ставок обоих налогов. Представляется, что данная методика наиболее адекватно отражает природу ветвления криптовалют, а также учитывает целый ряд практических проблем, таких как неэффективность рынка криптовалют, непрямое владение разветвившейся криптовалютой через третьи биржи, колебания цен на валюту после ветвления, что необходимо для определения стоимости валюты, налоговой базы и периода владения. Данная методика предлагает четкие решения для налогоплательщиков, а также помогает решить потенциальные проблемы с отсрочкой и уклонением от налогов, которые возникают после ветвления криптовалют. Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при изучении вопросов, связанных с налоговым режимом хардфорков криптовалют.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hard forks. The first tax is levied on the profit made from the receipt of forked coins, and the second tax is levied on the profit made from the disposition of forked coins. At the same time, a concrete proposal is provided for the applicable coin valuation, tax basis, holding period, and tax rate for the two prongs. The proposed framework is closest to the nature of cryptocurrency hard forks and considers various practical concerns, such as the inefficiency of the cryptocurrency market, the indirect possession of forked coins through third-party exchanges, and the fluctuating trading prices of forked coins when determining the valuation, tax basis, and holding period. This proposal not only provides clarity for taxpayers in filing tax returns and fulfilling tax obligations, but it also relieves the potential tax deferral and tax evasion problems that arise after a cryptocurrency hard fork. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to taxation regime of cryptocurrency hard forks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>налоговый режим</kwd><kwd>налог</kwd><kwd>налоговая декларация</kwd><kwd>методика</kwd><kwd>хардфорк криптовалют</kwd><kwd>криптовалюта</kwd><kwd>ветвление криптовалют</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Taxation regime</kwd><kwd>Tax</kwd><kwd>Tax declaration</kwd><kwd>Framework</kwd><kwd>Cryptocurrency hard fork</kwd><kwd>Cryptocurrency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marian O. Are cryptocurrencies super tax havens?, Mich. L. Rev. First Impressions, 2013, Vol. 112, pp. 38-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marian O. 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