References

rusjel

Russian Journal of Economics and Law

2782-2923

"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.

10.21202/1993-047X.14.2020.1.142-164

WLUEEZ

rusjel-133

Research Article

ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

TRANSLATED ARTICLES

Управление рынком дезинформации: первая поправка и борьба против фейковых новостей

Managing the Misinformation Marketplace: The First Amendment and the Fight Against Fake News

Манзи

Д.

Manzi

D. C.

noemail@neicon.ru

Школа права Фордемского университетаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиFordham University School of LawUnited States

2020

30032020

141142164

2020

Манзи Д.

Manzi D.C.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/133

Цель: исследование ситуации, когда защита свободы слова ограничивает возможности правительства по защите от фейковых новостей политического дискурса как необходимого для демократического государства процесса, и выработка мер государственного регулирования журналистской деятельности, которые бы позволили гражданам гарантированно получать точную информацию от законных средств массовой информации.Методы: наблюдение, изучение документов, сравнение, анализ и синтез.Результаты: на основе проведенного исследования внесено предложение об обязательном лицензировании профессиональных журналистов, поскольку проблема фейковых новостей несет в себе целый ряд угроз демократии США, подрывая возможность для граждан полагаться на источники информации и их способность формировать осознанное мнение и принимать рациональные решения. Информированная общественность, как и сильная пресса, чрезвычайно важны для демократического самоуправления. Фейковые новости угрожают демократии, делая граждан уязвимыми перед манипуляциями, которые могут заставить их голосовать против своих интересов, принимать необоснованные убеждения или утратить доверие к законным СМИ.Научная новизна: сформулировано понимание фейковых новостей как опасного для демократического государства феномена, и рассмотрены вопросы минимизации его негативных эффектов.Практическая значимость: предложение о лицензировании профессиональных журналистов по тем же принципам, что и работников других профессий, является одним из возможных способов достижения равновесия между защитой ораторов и слушателей. Это оправдано особым доступом к информации, который имеют журналисты. Аналогично тому, как к специализированной юридической информации имеют доступ только юристы, к медицинской - врачи.

Objective: to study how speech protections interfere with the government’s ability to protect political discourse as a process necessary for a democratic state and to propose the government regulations of journalists activity to ensure that people can rely on legitimate news media to receive accurate information.Methods: observation, document study, comparison, analysis and synthesis.Results: based on the carried out research, the author proposes mandatory licensing of professional journalists, as the fake news problem presents a number of threats to U.S. democracy because it undermines people’s ability to rely on information sources and interferes with their ability to form reasoned opinions and make rational decisions as citizens. Both an informed public and a strong press are crucial to democratic self-governance. Fake news threatens democracy by making citizens vulnerable to manipulation that could cause them to vote against their interests, adopt unfounded beliefs, or distrust legitimate media. Scientific novelty: the notion of fake news as a phenomenon threatening a democratic state is formulated; the issues of minimizing its negative effects are considered.Practical significance: the proposal of licensing of professional journalists according to the same principles as other professionals is one of the plausible ways to achieve this balance between protections for speakers and listeners. This is justified by the journalists’ special access to information, as nonlawyers and nondoctors are unable to access specialized information about law or medicine.

фейкфейковые новостиСМИинформацияложная информациявброссвобода словазащита свободы словацензураэтика

FakeFake newsMass mediaInformationFalse informationFreedom of speechSpeech protectionCensorshipEthics

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* Принадлежит нежелательной организации в РФ / Belongs to an undesirable organization in the Russian Federation.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.