rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.10.2016.1.97-123VOMOFXrusjel-1978Research ArticleГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВОCIVIL LAWРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК ДЕЛЕГИРОВАНИЕREGULATION AS DELEGATIONБар-ГиллО.Bar-GillO.bargill@law.harvard.eduСанстейнК.SunsteinC. R.csunstei@law.harvard.eduГарвардский университетРоссияHarvard UniversityRussian Federation20163003201610197123Copyright © Бар-Гилл О., Санстейн К.R., 20162016Бар-Гилл О., Санстейн К.Bar-Gill O., Sunstein C.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/1978

Цель: рассмотрение идеи обратного делегирования, когда государство является принципалом, а частные лица -агентами с точки зрения бихевиористской теории «принципал - агент». Методы: статистический, социологического опроса.Результаты: государство принимает за нас решения либо помогает нам прийти к решению, которое считает наиболее правильным, в самых разных областях, начиная от пенсионных накоплений, топливного сектора и продажи лекарств и заканчивая потребительским кредитованием и потреблением продуктов питания, т. е. выполняет функции нашего агента. С точки зрения теории «принципал - агент» и бихевиористской теории «принципал - агент» большу́ю долю регулирования в современном мире можно расценивать как гипотетическое делегирование. В статье, переходя от благосостояния отдельного человека к проблеме общественного благосостояния, рассматривается идея обратного делегирования, когда государство служит принципалом, а частные лица - агентами. Показано, что природа делегирования меняется в зависимости от контекста. В статье описаны условия, при которых тот или иной подход будет иметь смысл. Научная новизна: работа посвящена зарубежному опыту регулирования через делегирование полномочий на примере страны с развитой рыночной экономикой (США), показаны перспективы данного подхода в решении как публичных, так и частных задач. Рассматривается применение теории «принципал - агент» и бихевиористской теории «принципал - агент» для разграничения таких видов гипотетического делегирования, как информирование, стандартные правила, поощрения, возвраты, мандаты и запреты. Разобраны преимущества и затраты на делегирование, определены обстоятельства, при которых тот или иной подход имеет смысл.Практическая значимость: теория «принципал - агент» широко применяется в экономике и политологии и может служить удобным инструментом для рассмотрения оптимального масштаба и сущности той помощи, которую предоставляет нам государство в качестве нашего агента. Работа представляет интерес для отечественной юридической науки, поскольку в России институт делегирования является малоизученным правовым явлением.

Objective: to consider the conception of reverse delegation, when the government acts a principal and an individual - an agent, from the point of view of behavioral Principal-Agent Theory.Methods: statistical, method, sociological polling.Results: In diverse areas - from retirement savings, to consumer credit, to prescription drug use, to fuel economy and energy efficiency rules, to tobacco consumption, to food and beverage consumption - government makes decisions for us or endeavors to help us make better decisions, thus serving as our agent. From the point of view of Principal-Agent Theory and behavioral Principal-Agent Theory, a great deal of modern regulation can be helpfully evaluated as a hypothetical delegation. Shifting from personal decisions to public goods problems, the authors view the idea of reverse delegation, with the government as principal and the individuals as agents. They show that the essence of delegation changes depending on the context. The article describes conditions under which various approaches will make sense.Scientific novelty: the paper is devoted to the foreign experience of regulation through delegation by the example of a country with developed market economy (the USA). It shows the prospects of such approach in solving both the public and the private tasks. Application of Principal-Agent Theory and behavioral Principal-Agent Theory is viewed to distinguish between such types of hypothetical delegation as information, default rules, incentives, precommitments, mandates, and prohibitions. The article considers the benefits and costs of delegation, and circumstances in which one or another approach makes sense.Practical significance: Principal-Agent Theory is widely used in economics and political science, and can serve as a convenient tool to consider the optimal scale and essence of the assistance rendered to us by the government as our agent. The paper is of interest for the Russian legal science, as the institution of delegation as a legal phenomenon has been weakly studied in Russia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.