rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.10.2016.4.126-149XDDDAHrusjel-2038Research ArticleУГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО И КРИМИНОЛОГИЯCRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGYВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРАВОСУДИЕ КАК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА УГОЛОВНЫМ НАКАЗАНИЯМ - УРОКИ ИСТОРИИRESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PENAL PUNISHMENT - EXPERIENCES FROM HISTORYКульманА.KuhlmannA.Annette.Kuhlmann@uwc.eduКуриГ.KuryH.helmut.kury@web.deУниверситет штата Висконсин-Барабу, шт. Висконсин, СШАСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of Wisconsin-Baraboo, Baraboo, USAUnited StatesИнститут иностранного и Международного уголовного права Макса Планка, Фрайбургский университет, г. Фрайбург, ГерманияГерманияUniversity of Freiburg, Max Planck-Institute for Foreign and International Penal Law, Department of Criminology (ret.), Freiburg, GermanyGermany201630122016104126149Copyright © Кульман А., Кури Г., 20162016Кульман А., Кури Г.Kuhlmann A., Kury H.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2038

Цель: анализ истории, становления и развития восстановительного правосудия (медиации). Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой, социологический. Результаты: в статье представлен обзор основных положений и противоречий дискуссии вокруг проблемы восстановительного правосудия (медиации) в Европе и США. Особое внимание уделяется роли жертв и медиаторов. Дискуссия рассматривается через краткое описание истории систем восстановительного правосудия, как государственных, так и общественных, в отношении к нарушениям закона. Реакция на преступления в местных сообществах до образования государств носила преимущественно восстановительный характер с акцентом на возмещение ущерба всех сторон, решение социальных проблем и укрепление сообщества в целом.Научная новизна: в статье впервые обосновано, что медиация первоначально возникла с целью помощи потерпевшим, она предлагала им возможность найти какое-то решение после опыта виктимизации, а также получить возмещение ущерба. Со временем исследования отчетливо показали, что этой цели можно достичь лишь при условии профессионального подхода. Большинство потерпевших высказывают мнение, что они выиграли от участия в медиации; что они получили возможность преодолеть эмоциональный и материальный вред, нанесенный преступлением, в большей степени, чем при традиционном уголовном процессе.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной и педагогической деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов о сущности, содержании и функционировании восстановительного правосудия (медиации).

Objective: to analyze the history, formation and development of restorative justice (mediation).Methods: the dialectic approach to the cognition of social phenomena, which allows to analyze them in their historical development and functioning, in the context of the unity of objective and subjective factors, determined the choice of research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.Results: this article provides an overview of the main themes and controversies in the restorative justice discussions in Europe and the US with special attention to the role of victims and mediators. This discussion is contextualized through a short description of the history of both state-centered and community-oriented restorative systems in response to law violation. Indigenous and pre-state formation responses to crime have predominantly been of a restorative nature with the interest in healing the harm experienced by all participants with the aim of addressing social problems and strengthening the community as a whole.Scientific novelty: for the first time the article proves that at the outset mediation was established to help victims, it was intended to offer them a possibility for some resolution after experiences of victimization and opportunities for restitution of the damages. The meanwhile broad research results show clearly that this aim can be reached if this measure is practised professionally. Most victims find that they benefit from participation in mediation; they have a better chance to overcome the emotional and material damage caused by the crime than in traditional penal procedures. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and educational activity when considering the issues of the essence, content and functioning of restorative justice (mediation).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.