rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.146-169ZVYXVFrusjel-2098Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESНеэффективность требования раскрытия информацииThe Failure of Mandated DisclosureБен-ШахарО.Ben-ShaharO.noemail@neicon.ruШнайдерК. Е.SchneiderC. E.noemail@neicon.ruЧикагский университетСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of ChicagoUnited StatesУниверситет МичиганаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of MichiganUnited States201730122017114146169Copyright © Бен-Шахар О., Шнайдер К.Е., 20172017Бен-Шахар О., Шнайдер К.Е.Ben-Shahar O., Schneider C.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2098

Цель: разработка концептуальных теоретико-правовых положений и научных рекомендаций по обоснованию неэффективности требования раскрытия информации.Методы: всеобщий диалектический метод познания, а также основанные на нем общенаучные и частноправовые методы исследования.Результаты: в статье рассматриваются достоинства и недостатки самого распространенного в современном обществе метода защиты личной автономии: требования обязательного раскрытия информации. Статья состоит из четырех разделов: (1) разносторонний обзор использования требования раскрытия информации в различных формах и обстоятельствах в таких сферах, как защита прав потребителя и заемщика, информированное согласие пациента, формирование контрактов и конституционные права; (2) обзор эмпирической литературы, свидетельствующей о неспособности требования раскрытия информации влиять на степень информированности людей и эффективность их решений; (3) обзор причин неэффективности требования раскрытия информации, в котором особая роль отводится политической динамике, оказывающей влияние на принятие соответствующих законодательных актов, на мотивы, побуждающие обладателей информации исполнять их, а также на способность получателей информации использовать эти акты; и (4) доказательство того, что требование раскрытия информации не только не достигает своих целей, но и приводит к непредвиденным последствиям, которые часто наносят вред тем, кому данное требование должно было служить.Научная новизна: в статье разработано и введено в научный оборот обоснование неэффективности требования раскрытия информации, доказана неспособность требования раскрытия информации влиять на степень информированности людей и эффективность их решений, а также выявлены непредвиденные последствия, которые могут нанести вред тем, кому требование раскрытия информации должно служить.Практическая значимость: выводы и положения статьи могут быть использованы в научной, законотворческой и правоприменительной деятельности, учебном процессе образовательных организаций высшего образования.

Objective: to elaborate the conceptual theoretical-legal provisions and scientific recommendations for the substantiating the inefficiency of mandated disclosure.Methods: general dialectic method of cognition, as well as the general scientific and specific legal methods of research, based on it.Results: the article explores the spectacular prevalence, and failure, of the single most common technique for protecting personal autonomy in modern society: mandated disclosure. The article has four parts: (1) a comprehensive summary of the recurring use of mandated disclosures, in many forms and circumstances, in the areas of consumer and borrower protection, patient informed consent, contract formation, and constitutional rights; (2) a survey of the empirical literature documenting the failure of the mandated disclosure regime in informing people and in improving their decisions; (3) an account of the multitude of reasons mandated disclosures fail, focusing on the political dynamics underlying the enactments of these mandates, the incentives of disclosers to carry them out, and, most importantly, on the ability of disclosees to use them; and (4) an argument that mandated disclosure not only fails to achieve its stated goal but also leads to unintended consequences that often harm the very people it intends to serve.Scientific novelty: the article elaborates and introduces into academic sphere the substantiation of the efficiency of mandated disclosure, proves the failure of the mandated disclosure regime in informing people and in improving their decisions, and reveals the unintended consequences that often harm the very people it intends to serve.Practical significance: the provisions ad conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, law-making and law-enforcement activities, and in the educational process of institutions of higher education.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.