<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/1993-047X.12.2018.2.241-255</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XQVSZF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2159</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Несинхронность временных рядов - основная причина лидерства бирж США в классических эконометрических моделях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-synchronous time series is the main reason of US stock exchanges leadership in classic econometric models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ruslan.grigoryev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский инновационный университет им. В. Г. Тимирясова (ИЭУП) (Казань); ЦЭМИ РАН (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific-Research Institute of Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov (IEML); Central Economic-Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьев Р.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьев Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoryev R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2159">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2159</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: проведение обобщенного сравнительного анализа двух работ, подвергающих сомнению доминирующую позицию США в эконометрических моделях, использующих несинхронные временные ряды.Методы: сравнительный анализ исследовательской гипотезы, метода подготовки данных и выводов исследования. Результаты: многие исследования, использующие эконометрическое моделирование межбиржевых взаимосвязей, проведенное для бирж разных временных зон, выделяют биржи США в качестве самых влиятельных. Вместе с тем результаты решений классических эконометрических моделей могут вводить исследователей в заблуждение. В большинстве случаев подобный вердикт выносится на основе использования классических эконометрических моделей, не учитывающих проблему несинхронности торгов или неспособных ее учесть. К подобному выводу пришли два исследования. Независимо или нет, Б. Резник и Г. Шусмит повторили исследование Р. Григорьева, демонстрирующее, что классические эконометрические модели с авторегрессионной структурой переменных с высокой долей вероятности подтверждают наличие предшествий, идущих от биржи США к любой другой бирже, тогда как в реальности подобные связи могут объясняться лишь очередностью появления торговых сессий бирж в течение универсального дня или тем фактом, что временные зоны США близки к концу планетарного дня.Научная новизна: работы Р. А. Григорьева и Б. Резника и Г. Шусмита имеют значительные сходства в гипотезе, методе подготовки данных и результатах исследования. Исследования подтверждают наличие закономерности между несинхронностью временных рядов и тестами на наличие влияния от экзогенных лаговых переменных. Практическая значимость: повторное подтверждение наличия закономерности указывает на необходимость корректного учета несинхронности временных рядов внутри спецификации уравнения или методом сдвига временного ряда.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to perform a summarizing comparative analysis of the two works impugning the US dominance in econometric models with non-synchronous time series.Methods: comparative analysis of the research hypothesis, method of data preparation and research results.Results: many researches emphasize the US stock exchanges as the most influential in econometric models. At the same time, the results may be misleading during the application of time series from the markets of the different time zones. Classical econometric models during the application of the non-synchronous data are unable to take the problem of non-synchronous trade into account. Such a conclusion appeared in two research studies. Whether independently or not, B. Resnik and G. Shoesmith reproduced the research by R.A. Grigoryev, which demonstrated that the classical econometric models with autoregressive structure of variables strongly confirm the presence of causal links from the US stock exchange to any other stock exchange in the presence of non-synchronous data. While in reality these causal links can be explained only by the sequence of appearance of the stock exchange trading sessions during the universal day, or the fact that the US trading session’s time zones are most close to the end of the universal day.Scientific novelty: the works by R. Grigoryev and B. Resnik and G. Shoesmith have significant coincidences in the hypothesis, method of data preparation and the research results. The researches confirm the presence of regularity between the use of non-synchronous time series and the existence of effects from the lagged exogenous variables in classic econometric models. Practical significance: repeated confirmation of the pattern underlines the necessity to correctly account the non-synchronous time series within the equation specification or by applying a shift in the time series.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономика и управление народным хозяйством</kwd><kwd>лидерство США</kwd><kwd>несинхронная торговля</kwd><kwd>несинхронные временные ряды</kwd><kwd>связь ведущий - ведомый</kwd><kwd>временная зона</kwd><kwd>нулевой меридиан</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Granger C. W. Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1969, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 424-438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granger C. W. Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1969, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 424-438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antell J. Essays on the Linkages Between Financial Markets, and Risk Asymmetries (summary section only), Svenska handelshögskolan, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antell J. Essays on the Linkages Between Financial Markets, and Risk Asymmetries (summary section only), Svenska handelshögskolan, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swanson P. E. The interrelatedness of global equity markets, money markets, and foreign exchange markets, International Review of Financial Analysis, 2003, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 135-155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swanson P. E. The interrelatedness of global equity markets, money markets, and foreign exchange markets, International Review of Financial Analysis, 2003, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 135-155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks C., Henry Ó. T. Linear and non-linear transmission of equity return volatility: evidence from the US, Japan and Australia, Economic Modelling, 2000, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 497-513.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks C., Henry Ó. T. Linear and non-linear transmission of equity return volatility: evidence from the US, Japan and Australia, Economic Modelling, 2000, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 497-513.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eun C. S., Shim S. International transmission of stock market movements, Journal of financial and quantitative Analysis, 1989, Vol. 24, No. 02, pp. 241-256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eun C. S., Shim S. International transmission of stock market movements, Journal of financial and quantitative Analysis, 1989, Vol. 24, No. 02, pp. 241-256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch P. D., Koch T. W. Evolution in dynamic linkages across daily national stock indexes, Journal of International Money and Finance, 1991, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 231-251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koch P. D., Koch T. W. Evolution in dynamic linkages across daily national stock indexes, Journal of International Money and Finance, 1991, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 231-251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gjerde О., Sættem F. Linkages among European and world stock markets, The European Journal of Finance, 1995, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 165-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gjerde О., Sættem F. Linkages among European and world stock markets, The European Journal of Finance, 1995, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 165-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bessler D. A., Yang J. The structure of interdependence in international stock markets, Journal of international money and finance, 2003, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 261-287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessler D. A., Yang J. The structure of interdependence in international stock markets, Journal of international money and finance, 2003, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 261-287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Granger C. W. Some recent development in a concept of causality, Journal of econometrics, 1988, Vol. 39, No. 1-2, pp. 199-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granger C. W. Some recent development in a concept of causality, Journal of econometrics, 1988, Vol. 39, No. 1-2, pp. 199-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olbrys J., Majewska E. Granger causality analysis of the CEE stock markets including nonsynchronous trading effects, Argumenta Oeconomica, 2013, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 151-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olbrys J., Majewska E. Granger causality analysis of the CEE stock markets including nonsynchronous trading effects, Argumenta Oeconomica, 2013, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 151-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lo A. W., MacKinlay A. C. An econometric analysis of nonsynchronous trading, Journal of Econometrics, 1990, Vol. 45, No. 1-2, pp. 181-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lo A. W., MacKinlay A. C. An econometric analysis of nonsynchronous trading, Journal of Econometrics, 1990, Vol. 45, No. 1-2, pp. 181-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell J. Y., Lo A. W.-C., MacKinlay A. C. The econometrics of financial markets, Princeton University press, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell J. Y., Lo A. W.-C., MacKinlay A. C. The econometrics of financial markets, Princeton University press, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olbrys J., Majewska E. On some empirical problems in financial databases, Pensee, 2014, Vol. 76, No. 9, рр. 2-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olbrys J., Majewska E. On some empirical problems in financial databases, Pensee, 2014, Vol. 76, No. 9, рр. 2-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumöhl E., Výrost T. Stock market integration: Granger causality testing with respect to nonsynchronous trading effects, Finance a Uver, 2010, Vol. 60, No. 5, p. 414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumöhl E., Výrost T. Stock market integration: Granger causality testing with respect to nonsynchronous trading effects, Finance a Uver, 2010, Vol. 60, No. 5, p. 414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev R. A. The interdependence between stock markets of BRIC and developed countries and the impact of oil prices on this interdependence, PhD thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010, 270 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev R. A. The interdependence between stock markets of BRIC and developed countries and the impact of oil prices on this interdependence, PhD thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010, 270 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korhonen I., Peresetsky A. What Influences Stock Market Behavior in Russia and Other Emerging Countries?, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 2016, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1210-1225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korhonen I., Peresetsky A. What Influences Stock Market Behavior in Russia and Other Emerging Countries?, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 2016, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1210-1225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korhonen I., Peresetsky A. Extracting global stochastic trend from non-synchronous data, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korhonen I., Peresetsky A. Extracting global stochastic trend from non-synchronous data, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durdyev R., Peresetsky A. Autocorrelation in the global stochastic trend, Applied econometrics, 2014, No. 3 (35), pp. 39-58 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durdyev R., Peresetsky A. Autocorrelation in the global stochastic trend, Applied econometrics, 2014, No. 3 (35), pp. 39-58 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peresetsky A. A., Yakubov R. I. Autocorrelation in an unobservable global trend: does it help to forecast market returns?, International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics, 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1-2, pp. 152-169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peresetsky A. A., Yakubov R. I. Autocorrelation in an unobservable global trend: does it help to forecast market returns?, International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics, 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1-2, pp. 152-169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryeva L., Ortega J.-P., Peresetsky A. Volatility forecasting using global stochastic financial trends extracted from non- synchronous data, Econometrics and Statistics, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryeva L., Ortega J.-P., Peresetsky A. Volatility forecasting using global stochastic financial trends extracted from non- synchronous data, Econometrics and Statistics, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev R., Jaffry S., Marchenko G. The role of the timeline in Granger causality test in the presence of daily data non- synchronism, Applied Econometrics, 2012, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 3-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev R., Jaffry S., Marchenko G. The role of the timeline in Granger causality test in the presence of daily data non- synchronism, Applied Econometrics, 2012, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 3-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resnick B. G., Shoesmith G. L. A Note on Modeling World Equity Markets with Nonsynchronous Data, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 2017, Vol. 51, pp. 125-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resnick B. G., Shoesmith G. L. A Note on Modeling World Equity Markets with Nonsynchronous Data, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 2017, Vol. 51, pp. 125-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev R., Jaffry S., Marchenko G. Investigation of the consequences of ignoring daily data non-synchronism in cross- market linkages: BRIC and developed countries, Applied Econometrics, 2012, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 92-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev R., Jaffry S., Marchenko G. Investigation of the consequences of ignoring daily data non-synchronism in cross- market linkages: BRIC and developed countries, Applied Econometrics, 2012, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 92-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung Y.-W., Ng L. K. A causality-in-variance test and its application to financial market prices, Journal of Econometrics, 1996, Vol. 72, No. 1-2, pp. 33-48. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01714-x:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung Y.-W., Ng L. K. A causality-in-variance test and its application to financial market prices, Journal of Econometrics, 1996, Vol. 72, No. 1-2, pp. 33-48. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01714-x:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson D. B. Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1991, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 347-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson D. B. Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1991, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 347-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev R. A. A replication of Grigoryev's research in the article by Resnik and Shoesmith: identical hypothesis, method of data preparation, results, Working paper # WP/2018/326, Moscow, CEMI RAS, 2018, 43 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev R. A. A replication of Grigoryev's research in the article by Resnik and Shoesmith: identical hypothesis, method of data preparation, results, Working paper # WP/2018/326, Moscow, CEMI RAS, 2018, 43 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furstenberg G. M., Jeon B. N., Mankiw N. G., Shiller R. J. International stock price movements: links and messages, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1989, Vol. 1989, No. 1, pp. 125-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furstenberg G. M., Jeon B. N., Mankiw N. G., Shiller R. J. International stock price movements: links and messages, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1989, Vol. 1989, No. 1, pp. 125-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
