rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.176-201XBOEIIrusjel-2222Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESРаспространение принципов демократии на корпоративное управление и далее: теория народного экономического суверенитетаExtending Democracy to Corporate Governance and Beyond: a Theory of Popular Economic SovereigntyРубинЭ. Л.RubinE. L.

Рубин Э. Л., профессор права и политологии

г. Нэшвилл, шт. Теннесси

 

E. L. Rubin

Nashville, TN

ed.rubin@vanderbilt.eduУниверситет ВандербилтаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиVanderbilt University Law SchoolUnited States202218032022161176201Copyright © Рубин Э.Л., 20222022Рубин Э.Л.Rubin E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2222Цель

Цель: проведение комплексного анализа влияния принципов демократического правления в государстве на корпоративное управление.

Методы

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический и социологический.

Результаты

Результаты: в настоящей статье дается иное обоснование корпоративной демократии, основанной на принципе эквивалентности, а не аналогии. Эквивалентность состоит в том, что отдельный гражданин во многом одинаково воспринимает субординацию независимо от того, исходит ли она от государственного или частного субъекта. В политической системе демократия противостоит субординации через политическую автономию, предоставляемую каждому в виде права голоса, позволяющего контролировать властные структуры. По тому же принципу лица, зарабатывающие на жизнь своим трудом, должны, как мы считаем, контролировать институты, на которые они работают. Таким образом, демократические нормы, перенесенные в экономическую сферу, означают, что человек не должен зарабатывать себе на жизнь на условиях, определяемых другими людьми. Это положение можно назвать принципом народного экономического суверенитета.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: в работе впервые делается вывод о том, что современное понимание как государства, так и корпорации возникло из средневековой доктрины корпоративизма. Та же самая доктрина породила идею представительства, которая позволила отдельным лицам, не будучи лидерами структурированной иерархии, участвовать в принятии государственных решений; эта идея, несомненно, является одним из величайших достижений западной политической мысли. Представительство стало тем механизмом, с помощью которого утвердилось демократическое управление. По мере развития демократии объем представительства увеличивался, включив всех дееспособных взрослых людей. Эту расширенную концепцию представительства можно распространить на трудовые отношения, что послужит тем же целям, что и на политической арене, – личной автономии и противодействию угнетению. Корпорациями будут управлять советы, состоящие из членов, выбранных работниками; мелкие компании и индивидуальные предприниматели должны будут нанимать сотрудников на биржах труда, которые будут также управляться работниками.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с теорией народного экономического суверенитета.

Objective

Objective: to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the impact of democratic governance principles in a state on corporate governance.

Methods

Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.

Results

Results: the article proposes a different rationale for corporate democracy based on an equivalence, not an analogy. The equivalence is that subordination feels essentially the same to an individual whether a public or a private entity carries it out. In the political system, democracy counteracts subordination by giving everyone political autonomy, an independent voice in controlling the power structure. By the same reasoning, those who work for a living should arguably control the institutions for which they work. Thus, the norms of democracy, when translated into the economic realm, yield the principle that people should not work for their livelihood on terms another person establishes. This can be called the principle of popular economic sovereignty.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: for the first time, the work makes a conclusion that the modern understanding of both the state and the corporation developed from medieval corporativist thinking. This same mode of thought generated the idea of representation that enabled individuals who were not leaders of a structured hierarchy to participate in state decisions, certainly one of the great insights of Western political thought. Representation became the mechanism by which democratic government was instituted. As democracy developed, the scope of representation expanded to include all competent adults. This same expanded concept of representation can be extended to employment relations and would serve the same purposes as it serves in the political arena – individual autonomy and opposition to oppression. Corporations would be controlled by boards elected by the workers; small employers and individuals would be required to hire employees from labor exchanges run by the workers who are being provided. This proposal, although it sounds radical and impractical, could rather easily be implemented for both major corporations and all other employment relationships as well, and might well be more economically efficient than current modes of economic organization, as well as being more fair to the workers.

Practical significance

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the theory of popular economic sovereignty.

демократиянародный экономический суверенитетдоктрина корпоративизмаDemocracyPopular economic sovereigntyCorporativist thinkingавтор выражает благодарность Роберту Эшфорду [Robert Ashford], Маргарет Блэр [Margaret Blair], Роберту Кутеру [Robert Cooter], Эрику Ортсу [Eric Orts] и Рэндаллу Томасу [Randall Thomas] за помощь в подборе информации о корпоративном управлении и идеи, нашедшие отражение в данной статье.The author thanks Robert Ashford, Margaret Blair, Robert Cooter, Eric Orts, and Randall Thomas for their assistance with the corporate governance information and ideas that are incorporated in this article.ReferencesBernard H. Moss. (1976). The origins of the French labor movement: the socialism of skilled workers, 1830–1914 (1st ed.). Univ. of Calif. Press.Bernard H. Moss. (1976). The origins of the French labor movement: the socialism of skilled workers, 1830–1914 (1st ed.). Univ. of Calif. Press.Stephen E. (2009). Philion, workers’ democracy in China’s transition from state socialism. Routledge.Stephen E. (2009). Philion, workers’ democracy in China’s transition from state socialism. Routledge.David Schweickart. (2011). After capitalism (2nd ed.). Rowman& Littlefield Publishers.David Schweickart. (2011). After capitalism (2nd ed.). Rowman& Littlefield Publishers.Jergen Goul Andersen, Jens Hoff. (2001). Democracy and Citizenship in Scandinavia (1nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.Jergen Goul Andersen, Jens Hoff. (2001). Democracy and Citizenship in Scandinavia (1nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.Chris Doucouliagos. (1995). Worker Participation and Productivity in Labor-Managed and Participatory Capitalist Firms: A Meta-Analysis, Indus. & lab. Rel. Rev., 49, 58.Chris Doucouliagos. (1995). Worker Participation and Productivity in Labor-Managed and Participatory Capitalist Firms: A Meta-Analysis, Indus. & lab. Rel. Rev., 49, 58.Archie B. Carroll, Ann K. Buchholtz. (2014). Business & society: ethics, sustainability and stakeholder management (9th ed.) Cengage Learning.Archie B. Carroll, Ann K. Buchholtz. (2014). Business & society: ethics, sustainability and stakeholder management (9th ed.) Cengage Learning.James E. Post, Lee E. Preston, Sybille Sachs. (2002). Redefining the corporation: stakeholder management and organizational wealth (1st ed.). Stanford Business Books*.James E. Post, Lee E. Preston, Sybille Sachs. (2002). Redefining the corporation: stakeholder management and organizational wealth (1st ed.). Stanford Business Books.lan Verbeke, Vincent Tung. (2012). The Future of Stakeholder Management Theory: A Temporal Perspective, J. Bus. Ethics, 112, 529.lan Verbeke, Vincent Tung. (2012). The Future of Stakeholder Management Theory: A Temporal Perspective, J. Bus. Ethics, 112, 529.Cole G. D. H. (1920). Guild socialism restated.Cole G. D. H. (1920). Guild socialism restated.Cole G. D. H. (1919). Self-government in industry.Cole G. D. H. (1919). Self-government in industry.Carole Pateman. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge Univ. Press.Carole Pateman. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge Univ. Press.Southern R. W. (1953). The making of the middle ages. Yale Univ. Press*.Southern R. W. (1953). The making of the middle ages. Yale Univ. Press.Joseph R. Strayer. (1970). On the medieval origins of the modern state. Princeton Univ. Press.Joseph R. Strayer. (1970). On the medieval origins of the modern state. Princeton Univ. Press.Ernst Kantorowicz. (1957). The king’s two bodies: a study in medieval political theology. Princeton Univ. Press.Ernst Kantorowicz. (1957). The king’s two bodies: a study in medieval political theology. Princeton Univ. Press.John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldrige. (2003). The company: a short history of a revolutionary idea. Modern Library.John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldrige. (2003). The company: a short history of a revolutionary idea. Modern Library.Andreas Televantos. (2020). Capitalism before corporations: the morality of business associations and the roots of commercial equity and law. Oxford Univ. Press.Andreas Televantos. (2020). Capitalism before corporations: the morality of business associations and the roots of commercial equity and law. Oxford Univ. Press.Henri Pirenne. (1952). Medieval cities: their origins and the revival of trade. Frank D. Halsey, trans.Henri Pirenne. (1952). Medieval cities: their origins and the revival of trade. Frank D. Halsey, trans.Max Weber. (1978). Economy and society. Guenther Roth & Claus Wittich, eds.Max Weber. (1978). Economy and society. Guenther Roth & Claus Wittich, eds.Tom Holland. (2010). The Forge of Christendom: The End of Days and the Epic Rise of the West.Tom Holland. (2010). The Forge of Christendom: The End of Days and the Epic Rise of the West.John of Salisbury. (1990). Policraticus: of the frivolities of courtiers and the footprints of philosophers. Cary J. Nederman, trans.John of Salisbury. (1990). Policraticus: of the frivolities of courtiers and the footprints of philosophers. Cary J. Nederman, trans.Thomas Hobbes. (1996). Leviathan 2. Richard Tuck, ed., Cambridge Univ. Press.Thomas Hobbes. (1996). Leviathan 2. Richard Tuck, ed., Cambridge Univ. Press.Marc Bloch. (1961). Feudal society. L. A. Manyon, trans.Marc Bloch. (1961). Feudal society. L. A. Manyon, trans.Heinrich Fichtenau. (1991). Living in the tenth century: mentalities and social orders. Patrick J. Geary, trans.Heinrich Fichtenau. (1991). Living in the tenth century: mentalities and social orders. Patrick J. Geary, trans.F. L. Ganshof. (1963). Feudalism (3rd ed.). Philip Grierson, trans.F. L. Ganshof. (1963). Feudalism (3rd ed.). Philip Grierson, trans.Robert S. Lopez. (1976). The commercial revolution of the middle ages. Cambridge Univ. Press.Robert S. Lopez. (1976). The commercial revolution of the middle ages. Cambridge Univ. Press.John P. Davis. (1905). Corporations: a study of the origin and development of great business combinations and their relation to the authority of the state. G. P. Putnam’s Sons.John P. Davis. (1905). Corporations: a study of the origin and development of great business combinations and their relation to the authority of the state. G. P. Putnam’s Sons.Germain Sicard. (2015). The Origins of Corporations: The Mills of Toulouse in the Middle Ages. Matthew Landry, trans.Germain Sicard. (2015). The Origins of Corporations: The Mills of Toulouse in the Middle Ages. Matthew Landry, trans.Robert Bartlett. (1994). The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change. Princeton Univ. Press.Robert Bartlett. (1994). The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change. Princeton Univ. Press.David Nicholas. (1997). The Growth Of The Medieval City: From Late Antiquity To The Early Fourteenth Century (1st ed.). Routledge.David Nicholas. (1997). The Growth Of The Medieval City: From Late Antiquity To The Early Fourteenth Century (1st ed.). Routledge.Steven Runciman. (1987). A History of the Crusades. Vol. 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge Univ. Press.Steven Runciman. (1987). A History of the Crusades. Vol. 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge Univ. Press.L. S. Robinson. (2003). Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106. Cambridge Univ. Press.L. S. Robinson. (2003). Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106. Cambridge Univ. Press.W. L. Warren. (1978). King John (2nd ed.). Univ. of Cal. Press.W. L. Warren. (1978). King John (2nd ed.). Univ. of Cal. Press.Joelle Rollo-Koster. (2015). Avignon and its Papacy 1309–1417: Popes, Institutions and Society.Joelle Rollo-Koster. (2015). Avignon and its Papacy 1309–1417: Popes, Institutions and Society.F. Donald Logan. (2012). A History of the Church in the Middle Ages (2nd ed.). Routledge.F. Donald Logan. (2012). A History of the Church in the Middle Ages (2nd ed.). Routledge.John Strickland. (2020). The Age of Division: Christendom from the Great Schism to the Protestant Reformation.John Strickland. (2020). The Age of Division: Christendom from the Great Schism to the Protestant Reformation.Owen Chadwick. (1964). The Reformation. (1st ed.). Penguin Books.Owen Chadwick. (1964). The Reformation. (1st ed.). Penguin Books.Diarmaid Macculloch. (2004). The Reformation: a history (1st ed.). Viking Adult.Diarmaid Macculloch. (2004). The Reformation: a history (1st ed.). Viking Adult.Jonathan Dewald. (1996). The European nobility (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Jonathan Dewald. (1996). The European nobility (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Norbert Elias. (1994). The civilizing process. Edwin Jephcott, trans.Norbert Elias. (1994). The civilizing process. Edwin Jephcott, trans.Michael Rush. (2007). The Decline of the Nobility. In Democratic representation in Europe: diversity, change and convenience. Maurizio Cotta & Heinrich Best, eds.Michael Rush. (2007). The Decline of the Nobility. In Democratic representation in Europe: diversity, change and convenience. Maurizio Cotta & Heinrich Best, eds.Christopher Storrs, H. M. Scott. (2005). The Military Revolution and the European Nobility, 1600–1800. In Warfare in Europe, 1650–1792. Jeremy Black, ed.Christopher Storrs, H. M. Scott. (2005). The Military Revolution and the European Nobility, 1600–1800. In Warfare in Europe, 1650–1792. Jeremy Black, ed.Jeffrey S. Debies-Carl, Christopher M. Huggins. (2009). “City Air Makes Free”: A Multi-Level, Cross-National Analysis of Self-Efficacy. Soc. Psych. Q., 72.Jeffrey S. Debies-Carl, Christopher M. Huggins. (2009). “City Air Makes Free”: A Multi-Level, Cross-National Analysis of Self-Efficacy. Soc. Psych. Q., 72.Yoram Barzal, Edgar Kiser. (2002). Taxation and Voting Rights in Medieval England and France. Rationality and Soc’Y, 14.Yoram Barzal, Edgar Kiser. (2002). Taxation and Voting Rights in Medieval England and France. Rationality and Soc’Y, 14.Bernd Schneidmuller. (2014). Rule by Consensus: Forms and Concepts of Political Order in the European Middle Ages. Medieval Hist. J., 16.Bernd Schneidmuller. (2014). Rule by Consensus: Forms and Concepts of Political Order in the European Middle Ages. Medieval Hist. J., 16.Michael Hayden. (1974). France and the estates general of 1614 (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Michael Hayden. (1974). France and the estates general of 1614 (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Clyve Jones et al. (2012). A short history of Parliament.Clyve Jones et al. (2012). A short history of Parliament.Maddicott, J. R. The origins of the English Parliament. 924–1327 (1st ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Maddicott, J. R. The origins of the English Parliament. 924–1327 (1st ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Georges Duby. (1980). The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined. Arthur Goldhammer, trans.Georges Duby. (1980). The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined. Arthur Goldhammer, trans.Magna Carta. (1992). J. C. Holt ed. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Magna Carta. (1992). J. C. Holt ed. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Otto Gierke. (1958). Political theories of the Middle age. Frederic Maitland, trans.Otto Gierke. (1958). Political theories of the Middle age. Frederic Maitland, trans.Arthur Monahan. (1987). Consent, coercion and limit: the medieval origins of parliamentary democracy (1st ed.). McGill- Queen’s Univ. Press.Arthur Monahan. (1987). Consent, coercion and limit: the medieval origins of parliamentary democracy (1st ed.). McGill- Queen’s Univ. Press.Gaines Post. (1964). Studies in medieval legal thought: public law and the state, 1100–1322.Gaines Post. (1964). Studies in medieval legal thought: public law and the state, 1100–1322.Gaines Post (1950). A Roman Legal Theory of Consent: Quid Omnes Tagit. Wisc. L. Rev., 66.Gaines Post (1950). A Roman Legal Theory of Consent: Quid Omnes Tagit. Wisc. L. Rev., 66.Peter Stein. (1999). Roman Law in European History (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Peter Stein. (1999). Roman Law in European History (1st ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.Hermann Kantorowicz. (1969). Studies in the glossators of the Roman law: newly discovered writings of the 12th century.Hermann Kantorowicz. (1969). Studies in the glossators of the Roman law: newly discovered writings of the 12th century.Paul Cartledge. (2018). Democracy: a life.Paul Cartledge. (2018). Democracy: a life.Ron Harris. (2020). Going the distance: Eurasian trade and the rise of the business corporation 1400 to 1700.Ron Harris. (2020). Going the distance: Eurasian trade and the rise of the business corporation 1400 to 1700.Christopher Hill. (2021). The World turned upside down: radical ideas during the English revolution.Christopher Hill. (2021). The World turned upside down: radical ideas during the English revolution.James Harrington. (1992). A System of Politics. In The commonwealth of Oceana and a system of politics. J. G. A. Pocock, ed.James Harrington. (1992). A System of Politics. In The commonwealth of Oceana and a system of politics. J. G. A. Pocock, ed.John lynch (1984). Spain under the habsburgs. Vol. 1: Empire and Absolutism, 1516–1598 (2nd ed.). New York Univ. Press.John lynch (1984). Spain under the habsburgs. Vol. 1: Empire and Absolutism, 1516–1598 (2nd ed.). New York Univ. Press.Geoffrey Treasure (1967). Seventeenth century France: a study in Absolutism.Geoffrey Treasure (1967). Seventeenth century France: a study in Absolutism.Michael Braddick. (2009). God’s fury, England’s fire: a New History of the English Civil Wars.Michael Braddick. (2009). God’s fury, England’s fire: a New History of the English Civil Wars.David R. (2018). Como, Radical Parliamentarians and the English civil war.David R. (2018). Como, Radical Parliamentarians and the English civil war.Eveline Cruickshanks. (2000). The Glorious revolution.Eveline Cruickshanks. (2000). The Glorious revolution.Steve Pincus. (2011). 1688: The First modern revolution.Steve Pincus. (2011). 1688: The First modern revolution.Edward Vallance. (2008). The Glorious revolution: 1688: Britain’s fight for liberty.Edward Vallance. (2008). The Glorious revolution: 1688: Britain’s fight for liberty.Jeremy Black. (2001). Walpole in Power.Jeremy Black. (2001). Walpole in Power.Brian W. Hill. (1989). Sir Robert Walpole: Sole and Prime minister (1st ed.). Penguin.Brian W. Hill. (1989). Sir Robert Walpole: Sole and Prime minister (1st ed.). Penguin.John Morley. (2015). Walpole: the first Prime minister of Britain. Lume Books (1889).John Morley. (2015). Walpole: the first Prime minister of Britain. Lume Books (1889).Aristotle. (2002). The Athenian Constitution. P. J. Rhodes, trans.Aristotle. (2002). The Athenian Constitution. P. J. Rhodes, trans.Aristotle. (1952). Politics. In The Works of Aristotle. Benjamin Jowett, trans.Aristotle. (1952). Politics. In The Works of Aristotle. Benjamin Jowett, trans.Derek Hirst. (1976). The representatives of the people? Voters and voting in England under the Early Stuarts.Derek Hirst. (1976). The representatives of the people? Voters and voting in England under the Early Stuarts.Charles Seymour. (1915). Electoral reform in England and Wales.Charles Seymour. (1915). Electoral reform in England and Wales.Edmund Burke. (1999). Speech at Mr. Burke’s Arrival in Bristol. In The portable Edmund Burke. Isaac Kramnick, ed.Edmund Burke. (1999). Speech at Mr. Burke’s Arrival in Bristol. In The portable Edmund Burke. Isaac Kramnick, ed.Hanna Fenichelpitkin. (1967). The Concept of Representation.Hanna Fenichelpitkin. (1967). The Concept of Representation.Paul Langford (1988). Property and Virtual Representation in Eighteenth Century England. Hist. J., 31.Paul Langford (1988). Property and Virtual Representation in Eighteenth Century England. Hist. J., 31.Winston Churchill. (1958). A history of the English speaking peoples. Vol. 4: The great democracies.Winston Churchill. (1958). A history of the English speaking peoples. Vol. 4: The great democracies.G. M. Trevelyan. (1952). History of England, Vol. III.G. M. Trevelyan. (1952). History of England, Vol. III.Paul Johnson. (1991). The Birth of the Modern (1st ed.). HarperCollins.Paul Johnson. (1991). The Birth of the Modern (1st ed.). HarperCollins.Edward Porritt. (1894). The Revolt Against Feudalism in England. Pol. Sci. Q., 9.Edward Porritt. (1894). The Revolt Against Feudalism in England. Pol. Sci. Q., 9.Alfred Cobban. (1961). A History of Modern France. Vol. 2.Alfred Cobban. (1961). A History of Modern France. Vol. 2.Roger Price. (2001). The French Second Empire: an anatomy of political power.Roger Price. (2001). The French Second Empire: an anatomy of political power.Charles Sowerwine. (2018). France since 1870: culture, politics, and society (3rd ed.). (1960).Charles Sowerwine. (2018). France since 1870: culture, politics, and society (3rd ed.). (1960).Chilton Williamson. (1960). American suffrage: from property to democracy.Chilton Williamson. (1960). American suffrage: from property to democracy.Donald Ratcliffe. (2013). The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787–1828, J. Early Republic, 33.Donald Ratcliffe. (2013). The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787–1828, J. Early Republic, 33.Alexis de Tocqueville. (2000). Democracy in America. Harvey C. Mansfield &Delba Winthrop, trans.Alexis de Tocqueville. (2000). Democracy in America. Harvey C. Mansfield &Delba Winthrop, trans.Robert J. Steinfeld. (1989). Property and Suffrage in the Early Republic, Stan. L. Rev., 41.Robert J. Steinfeld. (1989). Property and Suffrage in the Early Republic, Stan. L. Rev., 41.Patricia Grimshaw. (1988). Women’s Suffrage in New Zealand.Patricia Grimshaw. (1988). Women’s Suffrage in New Zealand.Francisco O. Ramirez et al. (1997). The Changing Logic of Political Citizenship: Cross-National Acquisition of Women’s Suffrage Rights, 1890 to 1990. Am. Soc. Rev., 62.Francisco O. Ramirez et al. (1997). The Changing Logic of Political Citizenship: Cross-National Acquisition of Women’s Suffrage Rights, 1890 to 1990. Am. Soc. Rev., 62.Harold L. Smith. (2009). The British Women’s Suffrage Campaign, 1866–1928 (2nd ed.).Harold L. Smith. (2009). The British Women’s Suffrage Campaign, 1866–1928 (2nd ed.).Ellen Carol Dubois. (2020). Suffrage: women’s long battle for the vote. New York: Simon & Schuster.Ellen Carol Dubois. (2020). Suffrage: women’s long battle for the vote. New York: Simon & Schuster.Doris Weatherford. (2020). Victory for the Vote: the Fight for Women’s Suffrage and Thecentury that Followed.Doris Weatherford. (2020). Victory for the Vote: the Fight for Women’s Suffrage and Thecentury that Followed.Edmund Burke. (2016). Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents; Speech on American Taxation; Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies; Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol on American Affairs. In Edmund Burke, The Imperatives of Empire, and the American Revolution: an Interpretation (H. G. Callaway, ed.).Edmund Burke. (2016). Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents; Speech on American Taxation; Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies; Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol on American Affairs. In Edmund Burke, The Imperatives of Empire, and the American Revolution: an Interpretation (H. G. Callaway, ed.).Marshall C. Eakin. (2007). The history of Latin America: collision of cultures.Marshall C. Eakin. (2007). The history of Latin America: collision of cultures.John Charles Chasteen. (2008). Americanos: Latin America’s struggle for independence.John Charles Chasteen. (2008). Americanos: Latin America’s struggle for independence.Bipan Chandra et al. (1989). India’s struggle for independence.Bipan Chandra et al. (1989). India’s struggle for independence.Larry Collins, Dominique Lapierre. (1975). Freedom at midnight (1st ed.). Book Club Associates.Larry Collins, Dominique Lapierre. (1975). Freedom at midnight (1st ed.). Book Club Associates.Shiraz Durrani. (2018). Kenya’s War of Independence: Mau Mau and its Legacy of Resistance to Colonialism and Imperialism, 1948–1990.Shiraz Durrani. (2018). Kenya’s War of Independence: Mau Mau and its Legacy of Resistance to Colonialism and Imperialism, 1948–1990.Jeffrey James Byrne. (2016). Mecca of revolution: Algeria, decolonization and the Third world order (1st ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Jeffrey James Byrne. (2016). Mecca of revolution: Algeria, decolonization and the Third world order (1st ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Matthew Connelly. (2002). A diplomatic revolution: Algeria’s fight for independence and the origins of the post-cold war era.Matthew Connelly. (2002). A diplomatic revolution: Algeria’s fight for independence and the origins of the post-cold war era.Frantz Fanon. (1965). A Dying Colonialism. Haakon Chevalier, trans.Frantz Fanon. (1965). A Dying Colonialism. Haakon Chevalier, trans.Robert Malley. (1996). The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution, and the Turn to Islam (1st ed.). Univ. of California Press.Robert Malley. (1996). The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution, and the Turn to Islam (1st ed.). Univ. of California Press.Jeff Haynes. (2001). Democracy Inthedeveloping World: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East (1st ed.). Polity.Jeff Haynes. (2001). Democracy Inthedeveloping World: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East (1st ed.). Polity.Martin Meredith. (2011). The Fate of Africa: a History of the Continent Since Independence.Martin Meredith. (2011). The Fate of Africa: a History of the Continent Since Independence.Eric W. Robinson. (2015). Democracy Beyond Athens: Popular Government in the Greek Classical Age.Eric W. Robinson. (2015). Democracy Beyond Athens: Popular Government in the Greek Classical Age.Arend Liphart. (1994). Electoral systems and party systems: a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945–1990.Arend Liphart. (1994). Electoral systems and party systems: a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945–1990.Arend Liphart. (1999). Patterns of democratic government: forms and performance in thirty-six democracies.Arend Liphart. (1999). Patterns of democratic government: forms and performance in thirty-six democracies.Michael Gallagher. (2005). The politics of electoral systems.Michael Gallagher. (2005). The politics of electoral systems.Eric S. Herron et al. (2018). Terminology and Basic Rules of Electoral Systems. In The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems.Eric S. Herron et al. (2018). Terminology and Basic Rules of Electoral Systems. In The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems.Ludvig Beckman. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote?, Citizenship Stud., 10.Ludvig Beckman. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote?, Citizenship Stud., 10.Brad K. Blitz. (2009). Statelessness, Protection Andequality.Brad K. Blitz. (2009). Statelessness, Protection Andequality.Carol A. Batchelor. (1998). Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status. Int’l J. Refugee L., 10.Carol A. Batchelor. (1998). Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status. Int’l J. Refugee L., 10.David Archard. (2014). Children: Rights and Childhood (3d. ed.). Routledge.David Archard. (2014). Children: Rights and Childhood (3d. ed.). Routledge.Eric Wiland. (2018). Should Children Have the Right to Vote? In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy. David Boonin, ed.Eric Wiland. (2018). Should Children Have the Right to Vote? In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy. David Boonin, ed.Steven Lecce. (2009). Should Democracy Grow Up? Children and Voting Rights, Intergenerational JusT. Rev., 9.Steven Lecce. (2009). Should Democracy Grow Up? Children and Voting Rights, Intergenerational JusT. Rev., 9.John Wall. (2014). Children and Youth Should Have the Right to Vote. An Argument for Proxy-Claim Suffrage, Children, Youth & Environments, 24.John Wall. (2014). Children and Youth Should Have the Right to Vote. An Argument for Proxy-Claim Suffrage, Children, Youth & Environments, 24.Robert W. Bennett. (1999). Should Parents Be Given Extra Votes on Account of Their Children? Toward a Conversational Understanding of American Democracy. Nw. U. L. Rev., 94.Robert W. Bennett. (1999). Should Parents Be Given Extra Votes on Account of Their Children? Toward a Conversational Understanding of American Democracy. Nw. U. L. Rev., 94.Jane Rutherford. (1998). One Child, One Vote: Proxies for Parents. Minn. L. Rev., 82.Jane Rutherford. (1998). One Child, One Vote: Proxies for Parents. Minn. L. Rev., 82.Paul S. Applebaum. (2000). “I Vote, I Count": Mental Disabilities and the Right to Vote, Psychiatric Serv., 51.Paul S. Applebaum. (2000). “I Vote, I Count": Mental Disabilities and the Right to Vote, Psychiatric Serv., 51.Sally Balch Hume, Paul S. Applebaum. (2007). Defining and Assessing Capacity to Vote: The Effect of Mental Impairment on the Right to Vote, McGeorgel. Rev., 38.Sally Balch Hume, Paul S. Applebaum. (2007). Defining and Assessing Capacity to Vote: The Effect of Mental Impairment on the Right to Vote, McGeorgel. Rev., 38.Michael Nash. (2002). Voting as a Means of Inclusion for People with Mental Illness, J. Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 9.Michael Nash. (2002). Voting as a Means of Inclusion for People with Mental Illness, J. Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 9.Jeff Manza, Christopher Uggen. (2006). Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement And American Democracy.Jeff Manza, Christopher Uggen. (2006). Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement And American Democracy.Pamela S. Karlen. (2004). Convictions and Doubts: Retribution, Representation, and the Debate Over Felon Disenfranchisement, Stan. L. Rev., 56.Pamela S. Karlen. (2004). Convictions and Doubts: Retribution, Representation, and the Debate Over Felon Disenfranchisement, Stan. L. Rev., 56.John Rawls. (1999). A Theory of Justice §§ 11–13 (2nd rev. ed.). Belknap Press.John Rawls. (1999). A Theory of Justice §§ 11–13 (2nd rev. ed.). Belknap Press.Ganesh Sitaramin. (2018). The Crisis Of The Middle-Class Constitution: Why Economic Inequality Threatens Our Republic.Ganesh Sitaramin. (2018). The Crisis Of The Middle-Class Constitution: Why Economic Inequality Threatens Our Republic.Joe Soss. (2010). Remaking America: Democracy And Public Policy In An Age Of Inequality.Joe Soss. (2010). Remaking America: Democracy And Public Policy In An Age Of Inequality.Cass R. Sunstein. (2006). The Second Bill of Rights: Fdr’sunfinished Revolution and Why We Need it More Than Ever.Cass R. Sunstein. (2006). The Second Bill of Rights: Fdr’sunfinished Revolution and Why We Need it More Than Ever.Goran Therborn. (2020). Inequality and the Labyrinths of Democracy.Goran Therborn. (2020). Inequality and the Labyrinths of Democracy.Elizabeth Warren. (2017). This Fight Is Our Fight: How To Save America’s Middle Class. 130. G. W. F. Hegel. (1962). Philosophy of Right. T. M. Knox, trans.Elizabeth Warren. (2017). This Fight Is Our Fight: How To Save America’s Middle Class. 130. G. W. F. Hegel. (1962). Philosophy of Right. T. M. Knox, trans.Jeremy Waldron. (1991). The Right to Private Property.Jeremy Waldron. (1991). The Right to Private Property.Thomas Frank. (2005). What’s the Matter With Kansas: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America.Thomas Frank. (2005). What’s the Matter With Kansas: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America.Heather McGee. (2021). The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together.Heather McGee. (2021). The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together.Jonathan M. Metzl. (2020). Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment is Killing America’sheartland.Jonathan M. Metzl. (2020). Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment is Killing America’sheartland.Michael Sandel. (2010). Justice: What’s the right thing to do?Michael Sandel. (2010). Justice: What’s the right thing to do?Diarmaid McCulloch. (2000). The Later Reformation in England 1547–1603 (2nd ed.). Red Globe Press.Diarmaid McCulloch. (2000). The Later Reformation in England 1547–1603 (2nd ed.). Red Globe Press.Walter Bagehot. (2009). The English Constitution (reissue ed.). Oxford Univ. Press, 1872.Walter Bagehot. (2009). The English Constitution (reissue ed.). Oxford Univ. Press, 1872.Corinne Comstock Weston. (1986). Salisbury and the Lords, 1868–1895. In Peers, Politics and Power, 1603–1911. Clyve Jones and David Lewis Jones, eds.Corinne Comstock Weston. (1986). Salisbury and the Lords, 1868–1895. In Peers, Politics and Power, 1603–1911. Clyve Jones and David Lewis Jones, eds.Simon Schama. (1990). Citizens: a Chronicle of the French Revolution.Simon Schama. (1990). Citizens: a Chronicle of the French Revolution.Timothy Tackett. (1996). Becoming a Revolutionary: the Deputies of the French National Assembly and the Emergence of a Revolutionary Culture 1789–1790.Timothy Tackett. (1996). Becoming a Revolutionary: the Deputies of the French National Assembly and the Emergence of a Revolutionary Culture 1789–1790.Eric Orts. (2013). Business Persons: a Legal Theory of The Firm.Eric Orts. (2013). Business Persons: a Legal Theory of The Firm.Jurgen Habermas. (1987). The theory of communicative action. Vol. 2. Lifeworld and system: a critique of functionalist reason. Thomas McCarthy, trans.Jurgen Habermas. (1987). The theory of communicative action. Vol. 2. Lifeworld and system: a critique of functionalist reason. Thomas McCarthy, trans.Talcott Parsons. (1971). The System of Modern Societies.Talcott Parsons. (1971). The System of Modern Societies.Jean L. Cohen, Andrew Arato. (1992). Civil Society and Political theory.Jean L. Cohen, Andrew Arato. (1992). Civil Society and Political theory.Edmund Husserl. (1970). The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenology. David Carr, trans.Edmund Husserl. (1970). The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenology. David Carr, trans.Edmund Husserl. (1962). Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology. W. R. Boyce Gibson, trans.Edmund Husserl. (1962). Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology. W. R. Boyce Gibson, trans.Adolph A. Berle, Gardiner C. Means. (1932). The modern corporation and private property.Adolph A. Berle, Gardiner C. Means. (1932). The modern corporation and private property.Frank Easterbrook. (1984). Two Agency Cost Explanations of Dividends. Am. Econ. Rev., 74.Frank Easterbrook. (1984). Two Agency Cost Explanations of Dividends. Am. Econ. Rev., 74.Eugene F. Fama. (1980). Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. J. Pol. Econ., 88.Eugene F. Fama. (1980). Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. J. Pol. Econ., 88.Eugene F. Fama, Michael C. Jensen. (1983). Agency Problems and Residual Claims. J. L. & Econ., 26.Eugene F. Fama, Michael C. Jensen. (1983). Agency Problems and Residual Claims. J. L. & Econ., 26.Michael C. Jensen, William H. Meckling. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure. J. Fin. Econ., 3.Michael C. Jensen, William H. Meckling. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure. J. Fin. Econ., 3.Dambisa Moyo. (2021). How Boards Work: and How They Can Work Better. In A Chaotic World.Dambisa Moyo. (2021). How Boards Work: and How They Can Work Better. In A Chaotic World.Paul Blumberg. (1968). Industrial Democracy: the Sociology of Participation.Paul Blumberg. (1968). Industrial Democracy: the Sociology of Participation.E. L. Trist. (1963). Organizational Choice: Capability of Groups at the Coal Face Under Changing Technologies: the Loss, Re-Discovery and Transformation of a Work Tradition.E. L. Trist. (1963). Organizational Choice: Capability of Groups at the Coal Face Under Changing Technologies: the Loss, Re-Discovery and Transformation of a Work Tradition.Olaf Bergqvist. (1982). Worker Participation in Decisions within Undertakings in Sweden. Comp. Lab. L., 5.Olaf Bergqvist. (1982). Worker Participation in Decisions within Undertakings in Sweden. Comp. Lab. L., 5.Clyde Summers. (1984). Worker Participation in Sweden and the United States: Some Comparisons from an American Perspective. U. Pa. L. Rev., 133.Clyde Summers. (1984). Worker Participation in Sweden and the United States: Some Comparisons from an American Perspective. U. Pa. L. Rev., 133.J. W. Lorsch, Elizabeth McIver. (2004). Pawns or potentates? The reality of America’s corporate boards. In Thomas Clarke, ed., Theories of corporate governance: the philosophic foundations of corporate governance.J. W. Lorsch, Elizabeth McIver. (2004). Pawns or potentates? The reality of America’s corporate boards. In Thomas Clarke, ed., Theories of corporate governance: the philosophic foundations of corporate governance.Steven P. Vallas. (2003). The Adventures of Managerial Hegemony: Teamwork, Ideology and Worker Resistance. Soc. Probs., 50.Steven P. Vallas. (2003). The Adventures of Managerial Hegemony: Teamwork, Ideology and Worker Resistance. Soc. Probs., 50.Jean-Jacques Rousseau. (1920). The Social Contract. G. D. H. Cole, trans. 1762.Jean-Jacques Rousseau. (1920). The Social Contract. G. D. H. Cole, trans. 1762.Bernard Manin. (1997). The Principles of Representative Government.Bernard Manin. (1997). The Principles of Representative Government.John G. Matsusaka. (2005). Direct Democracy Works. J. Econ. Persp., 19.John G. Matsusaka. (2005). Direct Democracy Works. J. Econ. Persp., 19.Alon Brav et al. (2008). Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance and Firm Performance. J. Fin., 63.Alon Brav et al. (2008). Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance and Firm Performance. J. Fin., 63.Roberta Romano. (2001). Less is More: Making Institutional Investor Activism a Valuable Mechanism of Corporate Governance. Yale J. Reg.*, 18.Roberta Romano. (2001). Less is More: Making Institutional Investor Activism a Valuable Mechanism of Corporate Governance. Yale J. Reg., 18.Lucian Bebchuk, Jesse Fried. (2004). Pay without Performance: the Unfulfilled Promise of Executive Compensation.Lucian Bebchuk, Jesse Fried. (2004). Pay without Performance: the Unfulfilled Promise of Executive Compensation.Steven Clifford. (2017). The Ceo Pay Machine: How it Trashes America and How to Stop It.Steven Clifford. (2017). The Ceo Pay Machine: How it Trashes America and How to Stop It.Lucian Arye Bebchuk, Jesse M. Fried. (2003). Executive Compensation as an Agency Problem. J. Econ. Persp., 17.Lucian Arye Bebchuk, Jesse M. Fried. (2003). Executive Compensation as an Agency Problem. J. Econ. Persp., 17.David Yermack. (1997). Good Timing: CEO Stock Option Awards and Company News Announcements. J. Fin., 52.David Yermack. (1997). Good Timing: CEO Stock Option Awards and Company News Announcements. J. Fin., 52.Philip L. Cochran et al. (1985). The Composition of Boards of Directors and Incidence of Golden Parachutes. Acad. MGMT. J., 28.Philip L. Cochran et al. (1985). The Composition of Boards of Directors and Incidence of Golden Parachutes. Acad. MGMT. J., 28.Judith C. Machlin et al. (1993). The Effect of Golden Parachutes on Takeover Activity. J. L. & Econ., 36.Judith C. Machlin et al. (1993). The Effect of Golden Parachutes on Takeover Activity. J. L. & Econ., 36.Alan S. Binder, Mark W. Watson. (2016). Presidents and the US Economy: An Econometric Exploration. Am. Econ. Rev., 106.Alan S. Binder, Mark W. Watson. (2016). Presidents and the US Economy: An Econometric Exploration. Am. Econ. Rev., 106.Oliver Williamson. (1964). The Economics of Discretionary Behavior: Managerial Objectives in a Theory of the Firm.Oliver Williamson. (1964). The Economics of Discretionary Behavior: Managerial Objectives in a Theory of the Firm.Michael Jensen. (1986). Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeovers. Am. Econ. Rev., 76.Michael Jensen. (1986). Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeovers. Am. Econ. Rev., 76.James F. Davis, et al. (2004). Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management. In Thomas Clarke, ed., Theories of corporate governance: the philosophic foundations of corporate governance.James F. Davis, et al. (2004). Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management. In Thomas Clarke, ed., Theories of corporate governance: the philosophic foundations of corporate governance.Lynn Stout. (2012). The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations and the Public.Lynn Stout. (2012). The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations and the Public.Albert O. Hirschman. (2004). Exit, Voice and Loyalty.Albert O. Hirschman. (2004). Exit, Voice and Loyalty.David Estlund. (2009). Democratic Authority: A Philosophic Framework.David Estlund. (2009). Democratic Authority: A Philosophic Framework.Daniel S. Kleinberger. (2017). Examples and explanations for agency, partnership and LLCs (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.Daniel S. Kleinberger. (2017). Examples and explanations for agency, partnership and LLCs (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.Geoffrey Morse. (2015). Partnership and LLP Law (8th ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Geoffrey Morse. (2015). Partnership and LLP Law (8th ed.). Oxford Univ. Press.Kathryn Eden, H. Luke Shaefer. (2016). $2.00 a day: living on almost nothing in America.Kathryn Eden, H. Luke Shaefer. (2016). $2.00 a day: living on almost nothing in America.Barbara Ehrenreich. (2011). Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America.Barbara Ehrenreich. (2011). Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America.Arne L. Kalleberg. (2011). Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: the Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s.Arne L. Kalleberg. (2011). Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: the Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s.Ronald L. Filippelli. (1994). Cold War in the Working Class: the Rise and Decline of the United Electrical Workers.Ronald L. Filippelli. (1994). Cold War in the Working Class: the Rise and Decline of the United Electrical Workers.David Witwer, Catherine Rios. (2020). Murder in the Garment District: the Grip of Organized Crime and the Decline of Labor in the United States.David Witwer, Catherine Rios. (2020). Murder in the Garment District: the Grip of Organized Crime and the Decline of Labor in the United States.William T. Dickens, Jonathan S. Leonard. (1985). Accounting for the Decline in Union Membership, 1950–1980. Ilr Rev., 38.William T. Dickens, Jonathan S. Leonard. (1985). Accounting for the Decline in Union Membership, 1950–1980. Ilr Rev., 38.C. Timothy Koeller. (1994). Union Activity and the Decline of American Trade Union Membership. J. Lab. Rsch., 15.C. Timothy Koeller. (1994). Union Activity and the Decline of American Trade Union Membership. J. Lab. Rsch., 15.Alex Taylor Iii. (2010). Sixty to Zero: an Inside Look at the Collapse of General Motors – and the Detroit Auto Industry.Alex Taylor Iii. (2010). Sixty to Zero: an Inside Look at the Collapse of General Motors – and the Detroit Auto Industry.Rubin E. L. (2021). Extending democracy to corporate governance and beyond: a theory of popular economic sovereignty, U. Pac. L. Rev., 53.Rubin E. L. (2021). Extending democracy to corporate governance and beyond: a theory of popular economic sovereignty, U. Pac. L. Rev., 53.* Принадлежит нежелательной организации в РФ / Belongs to an undesirable organization in the Russian Federation.* Принадлежит нежелательной организации в РФ / Belongs to an undesirable organization in the Russian Federation.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.