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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.229-244</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QWXYUW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитые и развивающиеся страны: к общей цели на разных скоростях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Developed and developing countries: towards the common target with different speeds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-2619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринин</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinin</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гринин Леонид Ефимович, доктор философских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт востоковедения РАН</p><p>Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-8842-2012" ext-link-type="uri">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-8842-2012 </ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: SPIN-код: 7209-1656, AuthorID: 250272</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid E. Grinin, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Chief Researcher, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; Leading Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of SciencesResearcher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-8842-2012eLIBRARY ID: SPIN-code: 7209-1656, AuthorID: 250272</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Leonid.grinin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-2037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коротаев Андрей Витальевич, доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт востоковедения РАН</p><p>Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-1160-2018" ext-link-type="uri">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-1160-2018</ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: SPIN-код: 9298-9020, AuthorID: 72980</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey B. Korotaev, Doctor of History, Professor, Head of the Laboratory, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; Leading Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-1160-2018" ext-link-type="uri">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-1160-2018</ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: SPIN-code: 9298-9020, AuthorID: 72980</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akorotayev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-1439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малков</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малков Сергей Юрьевич, доктор технических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Researcher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/L-5734-2015</p><p>eLIBRARY ID: AuthorID: 16491</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Malkov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Address: 32 Nakhimovskiy prospekt, 117218 Moscow E-mail: s@malkov.org</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-1439</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/L-5734-2015" ext-link-type="uri">Researcher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/L-5734-2015</ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: AuthorID: 16491</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s@malkov.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; &#13;
Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; &#13;
Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>244</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гринин Л.Е., Коротаев А.В., Малков С.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гринин Л.Е., Коротаев А.В., Малков С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grinin L.I., Korotaev A.V., Malkov S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2242">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2242</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: анализ ожидаемых экономических трансформаций в XXI в. в различных странах мира.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: абстрактно-логический метод, методы моделирования социально-экономической самоорганизации, методы долгосрочного прогнозирования мировой динамики, теория институциональных матриц.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: на основе проведенного анализа сделаны следующие выводы: 1) в ближайшие десятилетия в мире будет наблюдаться сложный континуум видов, переходов, комбинаций и форм экономических укладов (с повышением удельного веса постиндустриальных форм). При этом в развитых странах будет наблюдаться смещение в сторону усиления распределительных институтов, а в развивающихся странах, продолжающих процессы экономической и социально-политической модернизации, – смещение в сторону усиления рыночных институтов; 2) усилится процесс интернационализации рабочей силы (за счет развития удаленного найма) наряду с интернационализацией капитала;</p><p>3) новая технологическая волна (2030–2070-х гг.) принесет новые ресурсы и расширит сферу для производства и услуг, что будет поддерживать экономический рост как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах; 4) при этом в одних направлениях, в частности в медицине, неизбежна очень значительная регламентация экономической деятельности, а в других направлениях, в частности в робототехнике, могут усилиться экономические механизмы рыночно-корпоративного типа;</p><p>5) таким образом, важнейшей задачей в ближайшие десятилетия является повышение гибкости социально-экономического развития всех стран мира, а именно обретения способности к регулированию соотношения рыночных и распределительных механизмов в зависимости от сфер деятельности и решаемых задач без давления идеологических догм.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: на основе анализа исторических тенденций с использованием теории институциональных матриц сделан прогноз экономических трансформаций в XXI в. в странах различного типа, обоснованы ожидаемые особенности этих трансформаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: предложенные методы долгосрочного прогноза могут быть использованы в системах стратегического планирования в Российской Федерации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the expected economic transformations in the 21st century in various countries of the world. Methods: abstract-logical method, methods of modeling of socio-economic self-organization, methods of long-term forecasting of world dynamics, theory of institutional matrices.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: based on the performed analysis, the following conclusions are made: 1) in the coming decades, a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations and forms of economic structures will be observed in the world (with an increase in the proportion of post-industrial forms). At the same time, there will be a shift towards strengthening distributive institutions in developed countries and a shift towards strengthening market institutions in developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization; 2) the process of internationalization of the labor force will be intensified (due to the development of remote employment) along with the internationalization of capital; 3) a new technological wave (2030s – 2070s) will bring new resources and expand the sphere for production and services, which will support economic growth in both developed and developing countries; 4) at the same time in some areas, in particular in medicine, a very significant regulation of economic activity is inevitable, while in other areas, in particular in robotics, economic mechanisms of a market-corporate type may strengthen; 5) thus, the most important task in the coming decades is to increase the flexibility of socio-economic development of all countries of the world, namely, gaining the ability to regulate the ratio of market and distribution mechanisms depending on the spheres of activity and tasks to be solved without the pressure of ideological dogmas.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: based on the historical trends analysis using the theory of institutional matrices, a forecast of economic transformations in the 21st century is made for the countries of various types and the expected features of these transformations are substantiated.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the proposed methods of long-term forecasting can be used in strategic planning systems in the Russian Federation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономическая теория</kwd><kwd>закономерности экономического развития</kwd><kwd>эволюция капитализма</kwd><kwd>институциональные структуры</kwd><kwd>долгосрочный прогноз</kwd><kwd>развитые и развивающиеся страны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Economic theory</kwd><kwd>Patterns of economic development</kwd><kwd>Evolution of capitalism</kwd><kwd>Institutional structures</kwd><kwd>Long-term forecast</kwd><kwd>Developed and developing countries</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы Московского университета «Математические методы анализа сложных систем» при поддержке РНФ (проект № 20-61-46004).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the frameworks of the Development program of Interdisciplinary scientificeducational school of Moscow University "Mathematical methods of analysis of complex systems" with the support of the Russian Scientific Fund grant (project No. 20-61-46004).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grinin L., Korotayev A. 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