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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.421-448</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CQLUBF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение и измерение уровня страха преступности: разработка новой обоснованной шкалы на основе теории эмоций, качественных интервью и факторного анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Defining and Measuring Fear of Crime: A New Validated Scale Created from Emotion Theory, Qualitative Interviews, and Factor Analyses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Этопио</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Etopio</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обри Л. Этопио, доктор философии, преподаватель психологии</p><p>округ Балтимор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aubrey L. Etopio, is a lecturer of psychology</p><p>Baltimore County</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aubrevetopio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бертлот</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berthelot</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эмили Р. Бертлот, доктор философии, доцентом в области уголовного правосудия</p><p>штат Невада</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emily R. Berthelot, is an associate professor of criminal justice</p><p>Reno</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Мэрилендский университет<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Maryland<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Невадский университет в Рино<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Nevada<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>421</fpage><lpage>448</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Этопио О.Л., Бертлот Э.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Этопио О.Л., Бертлот Э.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Etopio A.L., Berthelot E.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2254">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2254</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработка новой обоснованной шкалы измерения уровня страха преступности на основе теории эмоций, качественных интервью и факторного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений с использованием основанных на нем общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: определение и измерение уровня страха преступности давно является предметом научных споров. Единого определения этому феномену не выработано, что ведет к невозможности его обоснованных измерений. Цель нашего исследования – разработать новую шкалу страха преступности на основе теории эмоций и строгой методологии. Разработка шкалы включала пять основных этапов: проведение углубленных интервью для получения описаний чувства страха перед преступностью, количественный анализ для формулирования вопросов анкеты, предварительное тестирование, факторный анализ, психометрическая валидация. Качественные интервью (N = 29) показали, что понятия «страх» (fear), «беспокойство» (worry) и «озабоченность» (concern) используются как взаимозаменяемые. В результате качественного анализа был накоплен первоначальный банк вопросов; факторный анализ позволил остановиться на однофакторной шкале из 10 вопросов. Количественный анализ (N = 665) выявил, что нормализованные факторные нагрузки находятся между 0,715 и 0,888, внутренняя согласованность составляет a = 0,945, конвергентная и дивергентная валидность присутствуют. Новый инструмент измерения позволит достичь большей точности при изучении страха перед преступностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в данной работе изучение страха преступности впервые опирается на теорию конструируемых эмоций. В соответствии с ней в исследовании использовался широкий спектр описаний страха преступности, предоставленных респондентами. Многие интервьюируемые не делали различий между понятиями «страх»,  «беспокойство», «озабоченность» и другими обозначениями эмоций, что иллюстрирует концепцию дробности эмоций. Использование слов «страх» и «озабоченность» как взаимозаменяемых свидетельствует о том, что и переживание этих эмоций неразличимо в данном контексте. Согласно теории конструируемых эмоций, эмоции субъективны и зависят от актуального контекста, от прошлых переживаний человека, а также от его понимания и использования слов, обозначающих эмоции. По данным качественных интервью, страх преступности включает в себя множество чувств, таких как озабоченность, неприятный аффект, беспокойство, тревожность, паранойя, паника. На основе этих результатов будущие исследования могут углубить теоретические положения в области страха преступности.</p></sec><sec><title> Практическая значимость</title><p> Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с уровнем страха преступности.</p><p>Впервые статья опубликована на английском языке в журнале Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society and The Western Societyof Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. По вопросам коммерческого использования обратитесь в редакцию журнала Criminology,Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society (CCJLS) и The Western Society of Criminology: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.</p><p>Цитирование оригинала статьи на английском: Etopio, Au. L., Berthelot, E. R. (2022). Defining and Measuring Fear of Crime:A New Validated Scale Created from Emotion Theory, Qualitative Interviews, and Factor Analyses. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law&amp; Society, 23 (1), 46–67.</p></sec><sec><title>URL публикации</title><p>URL публикации: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/34104-defining-and-measuring-fear-of-crime-a-new-validated-scale-createdfrom-emotion-theory-qualitative-interviews-and-factor-analyses</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to develop a new justified scale of fear of crime, based on the theory of constructed emotion, qualitative interviews and factor analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, using the general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, based on it.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Fear of crime researchers have long debated how to best define and measure fear of crime. There is disagreement about the definition of fear of crime, which has led to inconsistent measurement. Our goal was to develop a new fear of crime scale using a theory of emotion and rigorous methodology. Scale development involved five major stages: in-depth interviews to understand how people describe their fear of crime, qualitative analysis to develop questionnaire items, pretesting, factor analyses, and psychometric validation. Qualitative interviews (N = 29) revealed that people use words like “fear”, “worry”, and “concern” interchangeably. After qualitative analysis led to an initial item pool, factor analyses yielded a 10-item, onefactor scale. Quantitative analyses (N = 665) revealed standardized factor loadings between 0.715 and 0.888, an internal consistency of a = 0.945, and convergent and divergent validity. Our new measure will allow greater precision when researching fear of crime.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: this study introduced the theory of constructed emotion to the study of fear of crime. The wide range of interviewees’ descriptions of their fear of crime is consistent with the theory of constructed emotion. Many interviewees conflated fear, worry, concern, and other emotion words, which illustrates the concept of emotional granularity. When someone uses words like “fear” and “concern” interchangeably, it suggests that that person’s experience of those emotions is the same in that context. The theory of constructed emotion posits that emotions are subjective and depend on the present context, someone’s previous experiences, and their understanding and use of emotion words. According to qualitative interviews, fear of crime encompasses many feelings including concern, unpleasant affect, worry, anxiety, paranoia, and panic. These findings will allow future research to further build theory on fear of crime.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the levels of fear of crime.</p><p>The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.</p></sec><sec><title>For original publication</title><p>For original publication: Etopio, Au. L., Berthelot, E. R. (2022). Defining and Measuring Fear of Crime: A New Validated Scale Created from Emotion Theory, Qualitative Interviews, and Factor Analyses. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society, 23 (1), 46–67. </p></sec><sec><title>Publication     URL</title><p>Publication     URL:     https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/34104-defining-and-measuring-fear-of-crime-a-new-validated-scale-createdfrom-emotion-theory-qualitative-interviews-and-factor-analyses</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>страх преступности</kwd><kwd>измерение страха преступности</kwd><kwd>шкала страха преступности</kwd><kwd>определение страха преступности</kwd><kwd>теория конструируемых эмоций</kwd><kwd>криминологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>предрасположенность к страху преступности</kwd><kwd>угроза виктимизации</kwd><kwd>виктимизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fear of crime</kwd><kwd>Measurement of fear of crime</kwd><kwd>Scale of fear of crime</kwd><kwd>Theory of constructed emotion</kwd><kwd>Criminological research</kwd><kwd>Tendency to fear of crime</kwd><kwd>Threat of victimization</kwd><kwd>Victimization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donohue, J. 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