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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.728-744</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CJUOSD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2313</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ОТРАСЛЕВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL AND BRANCH ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы развития бизнес-экосистем: конкуренция, сотрудничество, специализация</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects of developing business ecosystems: competition, cooperation, specialization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-106X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобылко</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobylko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобылко Александр Анатольевич , кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник; доцент</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-4015-2016" ext-link-type="uri">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-4015-2016 </ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: 633020</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Kobylko, PhD (Economics), Leading Researcher; Associate Professor</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-4015-2016" ext-link-type="uri">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-4015-2016 </ext-link></p><p>eLIBRARY ID: 633020</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kobylko@cemi.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный экономико-математический институт Российской академии наук; Государственный академический университет гуманитарных наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Institute for Economics and Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; State Academic University for Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>728</fpage><lpage>744</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кобылко A.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кобылко A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kobylko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2313">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2313</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: на основе анализа современных экосистем определение перспективных форм их распространения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в исследовании применялись абстрактно-логический метод исследования, методы анализа и синтеза информации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в последние годы в практике менеджмента активное развитие получили экосистемы. Несмотря на постоянный рост их числа, само явление изучено достаточно слабо, отсутствует четкая правовая, организационная конструкция. В данной статье анализируются теоретические и практические аспекты реализации различных сценариев формирования и функционирования экосистем, выявляются их перспективные варианты. На основе анализа научной литературы определены основные подходы к изучению экосистем: технологический, продуктовый и как совокупности компаний. Проанализирована отечественная практика организации экосистем, на основе которой определены ключевые особенности экосистем, отличающие их от традиционных моделей ведения бизнеса. Проведено комплексное рассмотрение взаимосвязей между составными элементами экосистемы, с ее партнерами, этапов формирования и специфических способов управления, взаимодействий с конкурентами. Изучены основные подходы к организации взаимодействия внутри экосистем: тоталитарный, авторитарный и демократический. Также рассмотрены особенности организации конкуренции и партнерства экосистем с другими участниками рынка. На основе практики слияния экосистем определены перспективы развития мегаэкосистем.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в результате был выявлен ряд подходов к развитию экосистем в экстенсивном и интенсивном ключе. Стандартные варианты экспансии на базе слияния и поглощения других предприятий, характерных для классических компаний, могут быть дополнены взаимодействиями нескольких экосистем в рамках общих проектов и их совместном становлении. Определено, что формирование узкоспециализированных экосистем является более рациональным путем их развития, чем процессы слияния и поглощения экосистем. Научная новизна также заключается в применении анализа внутренних и внешних форм взаимодействия в экосистемах к выявлению перспективных форм развития в новые сектора экономики.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: заключается в предложении оригинального подхода к формированию экосистемных компаний, а также возможности создания объединения ряда сервисов на базе виртуальной экосистемы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: based on the analysis of modern ecosystems, to determine the promising forms of their dissemination.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: abstract-logical research method, methods of information analysis and synthesis were used in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: in the recent years, ecosystems have been actively developed in management practice. Despite the constant growth of their number, the phenomenon itself has been studied rather poorly, without a clear legal and organizational structure. This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of various scenarios for the formation and functioning of ecosystems; their promising options are identified. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main approaches to the study of ecosystems are identified: technological, product, and as a set of companies. The Russian practice of ecosystem organization was analyzed, on which basis the key features of ecosystems were identified, distinguishing them from traditional business models. A comprehensive review of the relationships between the constituent elements of the ecosystem was carried out, regarding its partners, stages of formation and specific management methods, and interactions with competitors. The main approaches to the organization of interaction within ecosystems – totalitarian, authoritarian and democratic – were studied. The peculiarities of the organization of competition and partnership of ecosystems with other market participants were also considered. Based on the practice of merging ecosystems, the prospects for the development of mega-ecosystems were determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: as a result, a number of approaches to the development of ecosystems in an extensive and intensive aspect were identified. Standard expansion options based on mergers and acquisitions of other enterprises typical of classical companies can be supplemented by interactions of several ecosystems within the framework of common projects and their joint formation. It is determined that the formation of highly specialized ecosystems is a more rational way of their development than the processes of merging and absorption of ecosystems. The scientific novelty also lies in the application of the analysis of internal and external forms of interaction in ecosystems to identify promising forms of development in new sectors of the economy.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: it consists in offering an original approach to the formation of ecosystem companies, as well as the possibility of creating a combination of a number of services based on a virtual ecosystem.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>региональная и отраслевая экономика</kwd><kwd>экосистема</kwd><kwd>бизнес-экосистема</kwd><kwd>слияние и поглощение</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>виртуальная экосистема</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Regional and branch economics</kwd><kwd>Ecosystem</kwd><kwd>Business ecosystem</kwd><kwd>Merger and acquisition</kwd><kwd>Interaction</kwd><kwd>Virtual ecosystem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 20-010-00403).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 20-010-00403).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirt M. 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