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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.858-880</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AFZRAE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Североамериканские внутриконтинентальные сети по продаже оружия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Guns for hire: North America’s intra-continental gun trafficking networks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Льюпрехт</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leuprecht</surname><given-names>Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кристиан Льюпрехт, заместитель декана факультета искусств, доцент политологии</p><p>г. Кингстон</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leuprecht Christian, Associate Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Associate Professor of Political Science</p><p>Kingston</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">christian.leuprecht@queensu.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олтхаус</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aulthouse</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эндрю Олтхаус, помощник исследователя на факультете политических наук</p><p>г. Кингстон</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aulthouse Andrew, research assistant in the Queen's University School of Policy Studies</p><p>Kingston</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Королевский военный колледж Канады</institution><country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Royal Military College of Canada</institution><country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Куинс</institution><country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Queens University</institution><country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>858</fpage><lpage>880</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Льюпрехт К., Олтхаус Э., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Льюпрехт К., Олтхаус Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leuprecht C., Aulthouse A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2320">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2320</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: обобщение и изучение североамериканских внутриконтинентальных сетей, связанных с незаконным оборотом оружия.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в работе применяется метод анализа социальных сетей (social network analysis, SNA) для понимания структур, определения посредников и механизмов закупки оружия, его доставки через границу и последующего распространения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Канада граничит с США – крупнейшим в мире рынком оружия, поэтому не приходится удивляться, что оружие, использующееся в Канаде при совершении преступлений, американского происхождения. Возникает вопрос: каким образом это оружие пересекает границу? Через частных предпринимателей, мелкие сети или сложно устроенные картели? В данной работе анализируются шесть дел, по которым были осуждены 40 граждан Канады и США, участвовавших в нелегальных поставках оружия через границу между этими странами в период 2007–2010 гг. Предпринята попытка применить метод анализа социальных связей (а именно исследование возникающих сетей путем установления попарных связей между их членами) для понимания глобальных структур, выявления посредников и их ролей и обнаружения закономерностей в процессах закупки оружия в США, передачи его через границу и распространения в Канаде.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в процессе исследования были выдвинуты гипотезы, описывающие структуры сетей по продаже оружия, и сделаны попытки функционального моделирования данных сетей. В связи с тем, что оружие легально продается в США, можно ожидать возникновения относительно простых сетевых структур. Напротив, передача через границу наркотиков, которые не находятся в свободном доступе, требует формирования более сложных сетей. Результаты исследования показали, что структуры сетей передачи товара определяются их функцией. Если целью является лишь получение прибыли, то сети, переправляющие оружие через границу, остаются достаточно простыми. Однако если целью сети является поддержка преступной деятельности в рамках более крупной криминальной организации, то сеть становится более сложной, хотя структуры по передаче оружия через границу остаются простыми.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с незаконным оборотом оружия на территории США и Канады.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to summarize and study the North America’s intra-continental gun trafficking networks.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the work applies social network analysis (SNA) to understand structures, identify brokers and discover patterns in the way guns are being procured, transported across the border, and further distributed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Since Canada adjoins the largest weapons market in the world, it is unsurprising that guns used to commit criminal acts in Canada largely originate in the United States. But how are such weapons transported across the border: by individual entrepreneurs, by small networks, or by sophisticated cartels? This article analyzes six cases that resulted in prosecutions of 40 Canadian and American citizens implicated in Canada-U.S. gun trafficking networks between 2007 and 2010. This study is a plausibility probe that applies social network analysis—investigating networks that come into existence by the creation of pairwise links among their members—to analyze global structures, identify brokers and their roles, and discover patterns in the way guns are being procured in the United States, transported across the border, and distributed in Canada.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: In the process, this study generates hypotheses about network structure and works towards modeling these networks functionally: Since guns are available legally in the United States, we expect to find a proliferation of relatively simple networks. In contrast, drugs, which are not as readily available, might require more sophisticated networks to be trafficked across the border. Results revealed that the trafficking network structures seem to be driven by function. When the objective of the network is mere rent-seeking, transborder trafficking networks for guns tend to be simple. By contrast, when the objective is to manage violence as a constituent element of a larger criminal organization and its activities, networks tend to be more sophisticated, although the gun trafficking networks remain simpler.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the illegal firearms trafficking through the US and Canadian territories.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проверка достоверности модели</kwd><kwd>анализ социальных связей</kwd><kwd>незаконный оборот оружия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Plausibility probe</kwd><kwd>Social network analysis</kwd><kwd>Gun trafficking</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powell, B. 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