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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2023.4.822-836</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DUPSPN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРИПТОМИР И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRYPTO-WORLD AND DIGITAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Легализация преступных доходов с использованием DeFi: типовые схемы и индикаторы риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legalization of criminal income using DeFi: typical schemes and risk indicators</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-0184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>Э. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидоренко Элина Леонидовна, доктор юридических наук, профессор, директорЦентра цифровой экономики ифинансовых инноваций, профессор кафедры уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминалистики, </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elina L. Sidorenko, Doctor of Law, Professor, Director of the Center for digital economyand financial innovations, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedureand Criminology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">12011979@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений Министерства внутренних дел России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>822</fpage><lpage>836</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сидоренко Э.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сидоренко Э.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sidorenko E.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2472">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2472</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: повышение эффективности противодействия использованию типовых схем отмывания преступных доходов на основе выявления технологических и правовых уязвимостей инфраструктуры DeFi: децентрализованных бирж, блокчейн-мостов, децентрализованных кошельков и валют повышенной конфиденциальности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: общенаучные (анализ и синтез, метод индукции и дедукции, метод теоретического моделирования, юридическая интерпретация) и специальные методы научного познания (структурно-функциональный, конструктивный, ситуационный, инновационный, целевой, программно-целевой и риск-ориентированный).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: обозначены основные тренды развития легализации преступных доходов с использованием децентрализованных финансов; выявлена детерминационная значимость технологических характеристик DeFi в генезисе отмывания преступных доходов; определены основные типы легализации с использованием децентрализованных финансов; изучены схемы совершения преступлений и оценен криминогенный потенциал инфраструктуры DeFi (децентрализованных бирж, блокчейн-мостов, миксеров, токенов повышенной конфиденциальности и др.).</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: предложено рассматривать легализацию преступных доходов с использованием DeFi как особую разновидность цифровых финансовых преступлений. В статье предложена авторская типология отмывания преступных доходов, обосновывается идея о невозможности применения к децентрализованным финансам матрицы традиционного финансового регулирования и стандартов AML. Аргументируется вывод о том, что предупреждение отмывания преступных доходов с использованием децентрализованных финансов должно осуществляться в тесной связке с выявлением индикаторов риска и разработкой эффективных мер контроля в точках входа преступных доходов на централизованные биржи.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: анализ типовых механизмов легализации преступных доходов с использованием DeFi позволяет системно подойти к организации ранней профилактики преступности и потенциально может стать основой для разработки рекомендаций для служб финансовой разведки и мониторинга.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to increase the effectiveness of countering the use of typical criminal money laundering schemes by identifying the technological and legal vulnerabilities of the DeFi infrastructure: decentralized exchanges, blockchain bridges, decentralized wallets, and privacy-enhanced currencies.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, theoretical modeling, legal interpretation) and special methods of scientific cognition (structural-functional, constructive, situational, innovative, target-oriented, program-target, and risk-oriented).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the main trends in the development of money laundering using decentralized finance were outlined; the determinative significance of DeFi technological characteristics in the genesis of money laundering was revealed; the main types of money laundering using decentralized finance were identified; the schemes of committing crimes were studied and the criminogenic potential of DeFi infrastructure (decentralized exchanges, blockchain bridges, mixers, privacy-enhanced tokens, etc.) was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: it is proposed to consider money laundering using DeFi as a special type of digital financial crime. The article proposes the author’s typology of money laundering, substantiates the idea that the matrix of traditional financial regulation and AML standards cannot be applied to decentralized finance. It is argued that prevention of money laundering using decentralized finance should be carried out in close connection with the identification of risk indicators and the development of effective control measures at the points of entry of criminal incomes to centralized exchanges.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the analysis of typical mechanisms of money laundering using DeFi allows a systematic approach to the organization of early crime prevention and can potentially become the basis to develop recommendations for financial intelligence and monitoring services.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>децентрализованные финансы</kwd><kwd>легализация</kwd><kwd>DeFi-сервисы</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>криптовалюта</kwd><kwd>токены</kwd><kwd>стейблкоины</kwd><kwd>миксеры</kwd><kwd>блокчейн-мосты</kwd><kwd>токены повышенной конфиденциальности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>decentralized finance</kwd><kwd>legalization</kwd><kwd>DeFi services</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>cryptocurrency</kwd><kwd>tokens</kwd><kwd>stablecoins</kwd><kwd>mixers</kwd><kwd>blockchain bridges</kwd><kwd>privacy-enhanced tokens</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Банк России. 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