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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2023.3.837-872</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AWINLM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как дело Ripple отзовется: проблема доктрины «основных вопросов» Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ripple effect: the SEC’s major questions doctrine problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донован</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donovan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мэтт Донован, кандидат на степень доктора права, Школа права Фордемскогоуниверситета; степень бакалавра, </p><p>г. Нью-Йорк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Matt Donovan, J.D. Candidate, Fordham University School of Law; B.A., </p><p>New York</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фордемский университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fordham University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>837</fpage><lpage>872</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Донован М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Донован М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Donovan M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2473">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2473</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработка нового стандарта оценки степени децентрализации криптоактивов в США.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический и социологический.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: криптоактивы итехнология блокчейна могут создать беспрецедентный равноправный доступ кфинансовым институтам. При этом ведутся ожесточенные споры вокруг юрисдикции федеральных агентств в отношении нового вида активов. Не имея четкого законодательства, федеральные агентства были вынуждены решать эти споры через создание собственных правовых норм. Однако подзаконные нормативные акты о юрисдикции над криптоактивами могут быть оспорены в кассационных судах в рамках доктрины «основных вопросов». Если раньше Верховный Суд США крайне положительно относился к подзаконным нормативным правовым актам, то в последнее время он неоднократно отменял их, если какое-либо агентство претендовало на право регулировать вопросы большой экономической и политической важности. Можно считать, что Комиссия по ценным бумагам и биржам США претендует на такое право, интерпретируя большинство криптоактивов как «инвестиционные контракты», тем самым распространяя на них свою юрисдикцию. Решение по широко известному делу SEC v. Ripple Labs, Inc. относительно доктрины «основных вопросов» несколько проясняет классификацию криптоактивов, однако оставляет открытой проблему юрисдикции. Это решение также может затруднить применение режима раскрытия информации, установленного Комиссией по ценным бумагам и биржам, к высокорисковым предложениям криптоактивов.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в настоящей работе обосновано, что Конгрессу следует принять Закон Ламмиса – Гиллибранда об ответственных финансовых инновациях (Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act) с целью создания общей юрисдикции Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам и Комиссии по торговле товарными фьючерсами (Commodities Futures Trading Commission) над большей частью предложений криптоактивов. Это позволит достичь баланса между защитой потребителей и созданием инноваций в финансовом секторе. Автор статьи также выступает в поддержку нового стандарта оценки степени децентрализации криптоактивов, который еще больше проясняет роль SEC в регулировании предложений криптоактивов.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с деятельностью Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам США.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to elaborate a new standard for assessing the level of decentralization of cryptoassets in the USA.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Crypto assets and blockchain technology have the potential to create unprecedented equitable access to financial institutions. Despite this potential, there is a robust debate regarding federal agencies' jurisdiction over the novel asset class. Without clear statutory guidelines, federal agencies have been forced to resolve this debate through the rulemaking process. However, agency rules regarding jurisdiction over crypto assets could be scrutinized by a reviewing court under the major questions doctrine. Once highly deferential to agency rules, the U.S. Supreme Court in recent terms has repeatedly struck down agency rules when an agency claims an unheralded power to regulate an issue of deep economic and political significance. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) arguably claims such a power by interpreting most crypto assets to be "investment contracts" and thus under SEC jurisdiction. But although a decision on major questions doctrine grounds in the high-profile case SEC v. Ripple Labs, Inc. could help clarify how we classify crypto assets, it leaves many jurisdictional questions unanswered and could complicate the application of the SEC's disclosure regime to risky crypto asset offerings.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: This Note argues that Congress should pass the Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act to create joint jurisdiction between the SEC and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission over most crypto asset offerings. This may help to balance consumer protection and innovation at the frontier of financial innovation. The author also endorses a new standard to evaluate whether a crypto asset is sufficiently decentralized to further clarify the SEC's role in regulating crypto asset offerings.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the activity of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криптоактивы</kwd><kwd>технология блокчейна</kwd><kwd>Комиссия по ценным бумагам и биржам США</kwd><kwd>дело SEC v. Ripple Labs</kwd><kwd>Inc</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryptoassets</kwd><kwd>blockchain technology</kwd><kwd>the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</kwd><kwd>SEC v. 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