rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.2.1230-1250BMSNXZrusjel-25Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESВеликий подрыв: как искусственный интеллект меняет роль юристов в оказании юридических услугThe Great Disruption: How Machine Intelligence Will Transform the Role of Lawyers in the Delivery of Legal ServicesМакгиннисД. О.McginnisJ. O.noemail@neicon.ruПирсР. Дж.PearceR. G.noemail@neicon.ruШкола права Северо-Западного университетаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиNorthwestern University School of LawUnited StatesШкола права Фордемского университетаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиFordham University School of LawUnited States20193006201913212301250Copyright © Макгиннис Д.О., Пирс Р.Д., 20192019Макгиннис Д.О., Пирс Р.Д.Mcginnis J.O., Pearce R.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/25

Цель: анализ влияния искусственного интеллекта на юридическую деятельность и оказание юридических услуг. Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой, социологический, государственное и правовое моделирование. Результаты: рынок электронных юридических услуг находится на сравнительно ранней, но очень важной стадии своего развития относительно разрушительного влияния искусственного интеллекта на монополию юристов. Развиваясь, искусственный интеллект будет играть все более важную роль в юридической деятельности. Со временем компьютеры смогут оказывать юридические услуги быстрее и эффективнее многих юристов. Юристы будут продолжать оказывать услуги, которые невозможно превратить в товар; это смогут делать только выдающиеся юристы, а также те, кто специализируется в узких, быстро меняющихся областях, выступает в суде или оказывает услуги, качество которых сильно зависит от человеческих взаимоотношений. В остальных случаях не существует никаких эффективных барьеров на пути продвижения компьютерных технологий в сферу юридической деятельности, в том числе законодательных и этических барьеров. Юристы продолжат использовать искусственный интеллект в качестве помощника и будут не в состоянии предотвратить использование его неюристами для оказания юридических услуг. Таким образом, развитие искусственного интеллекта приведет к разрушению монополии юристов, принеся тем самым выгоды потребителям и обществу, поскольку юридические услуги станут более прозрачными и доступными, как и правосудие в целом. Научная новизна: в статье впервые сформулированы пять сфер юридической деятельности, которые существенно изменятся под влиянием искусственного интеллекта в ближайшем будущем: (1) поиск информации по обстоятельствам дела; (2) поиск прецедентов; (3) составление документов; (4) подготовка материалов дела и (5) прогнозирование исхода дела. Причем уже сейчас компьютерные технологии составляют существенную конкуренцию юристам и подрывают их монополию. Крупные финансовые компании предоставляют компьютерные юридические услуги, несмотря на то, что пока экономически значимые разработки существуют всего в трех из пяти вышеназванных областей. Три наиболее выгодные в этом отношении области - это поиск прецедентов, поиск информации по обстоятельствам дела и составление документов. Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с влиянием искусственного интеллекта на юридическую деятельность и оказание юридических услуг.

Objective: to analyze the influence of machine intelligence on legal practice and services.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in the historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, state and legal modeling.Results: The market for electronic legal services is at a relatively early, yet significant, stage in terms of the disruptive effect of machine intelligence in undermining lawyers' monopoly. As machine intelligence in lawyering develops exponentially, it will take an increasingly larger role in legal practice. Eventually, machine intelligence will prove faster and more efficient than many lawyers in providing those services. Lawyers will continue to provide services that cannot be commoditized if they are superstars, practice in highly specialized areas of law subject to rapid change, appear in court, or provide services where human relationships are central to their quality. Otherwise, no effective barriers to the advance of machine lawyering in legal practices exist - not even in the law and ethics of lawyering. Lawyers will continue to embrace machine intelligence as an input and fail to prevent non-lawyers from using it to deliver legal services. Ultimately, therefore, the disruptive effect of machine intelligence will trigger the end of lawyers' monopoly and provide a benefit to society and clients as legal services become more transparent and affordable to consumers, and access to justice thereby becomes more widely available. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the authors formulate the five areas of legal practice which will significantly change in the nearest future under the influence of machine intelligence: (1) discovery, (2) legal search, (3) generation of documents, (4) creation of briefs and memoranda, and (5) predictive analytics. Machine intelligence has already begun to significantly compete with lawyers and undermine their monopoly. Today, sizeable financial industries use machine intelligence to deliver legal services, even though the most economically significant developments have occurred in only three of the five areas identified above. The three areas that have proven most profitable are legal research, discovery, and document generation. Practical significance: the key results and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific, educational and law-enforcing activities when considering the issues related to the influence of machine intelligence on legal practice and services.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.