rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/2782-2923.2024.1.121-133rusjel-2517Research ArticleПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЕ ПРАВОENTREPRENEURSHIP LAWМодель правового регулирования кластеров в Российской ФедерацииModel of legal regulation of clusters in the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-8953ГромоваЕ. А.GromovaE. A.

Громова Елизавета Александровна, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заместитель директора Юридического института по международной деятельности, доцент кафедры предпринимательского, конкурентного и экологического права

Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57208846603

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/46250123

г. Челябинск

Elizaveta A. Gromova, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Law Institute for International Activities, Associate Professor of the Department of Business, Competition and Environmental Law

Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57208846603

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/46250123

Chelyabinsk

gromovaea@susu.ruЮжно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)РоссияSouth Ural State University (National Research University)Russian Federation202419032024181121133Copyright © Громова Е.А., 20242024Громова Е.А.Gromova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2517

Цель: создание модели правового регулирования кластеров в Российской Федерации.Методы: исторический метод, формально-юридический анализ, методы статистики, а также социологических исследований, метод систематизации, сравнительно-правовой метод, методы правового моделирования и прогнозирования.Результаты: в работе на основе анализа научной литературы, законодательства России и зарубежных стран и практики их применения сформулировано определение понятия «кластер» (группа субъектов предпринимательской деятельности (поставщиков, производителей и др.), находящихся на территории особой экономической зоны, осуществляющих деятельность в определенной сфере, производящих и (или) осуществляющих взаимодополняющие товары, работы, услуги), определены его признаки и виды, выявлены модели стимулирующих правовых режимов (а) «модель отступлений» – модель ЭПР; б) «модель гарантий» – модель стимулирующего правового режима предпринимательской деятельности в сфере цифровых инноваций и технологий в рамках ГЧП (МЧП); в) «модель поддержки» – модель стимулирующего правового режима предпринимательской деятельности субъектов МСП в сфере цифровых инноваций и технологий; г) «модель преференций» – модель стимулирующего правового режима предпринимательской деятельности в границах территорий и образований с высоким инновационным потенциалом), а также предложено создать унифицированное правовое регулирование кластеров и кластерной политики в Российской Федерации путем разработки и принятия одноименного федерального закона и внесения изменения в законодательство об особых экономических зонах.Научная новизна: в статье впервые осуществлен комплексный сравнительно-правовой анализ кластеров и кластерной политики, их правового регулирования в России и зарубежных странах.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с правовым регулированием кластеров и кластерной политики в России и зарубежных странах, а также стимулирующих правовых режимов предпринимательской деятельности в сфере цифровых инноваций и технологий.

Objective: to create a model of legal regulation of clusters in the Russian Federation.Methods: historical method, formal-legal analysis, statistical and sociological methods, systematization, comparative-legal method, methods of legal modeling and forecasting.Results: based on the analysis of scientific literature, Russian and foreign legislation and legal practice, the paper formulates the definition of a “cluster” concept (a group of business entities (suppliers, manufacturers, etc.) located on the territory of a special economic zone, operating in a certain sphere, producing and/or carrying out complementary goods, works, services), defines its features and types, and identifies the models of incentive legal regimes: (a) “model of derogations” – EPR model; b) “model of guarantees” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovations and technologies in the PPP (MPP) framework; c) “model of support” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity of SMEs in the field of digital innovations and technologies; d) “model of preferences” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity within the boundaries of territories and entities with high innovation potential. The author proposes to create a unified legal regime of cluster and cluster activity in the Russian Federation by developing and adopting a relevant federal law and amending the legislation on special economic zones.Scientific novelty: the article is the first to carry out a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of clusters and cluster policy, their legal regulation in Russia and foreign countries.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the legal regulation of clusters and cluster policy in Russia and foreign countries, as well as legal regimes stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovation and technology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.