<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2024.2.422-452</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2546</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРИПТОМИР И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRYPTO-WORLD AND DIGITAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор цифровых активов. Тенденции развития цифровых финансовых активов в РФ  и прогноз развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review of digital assets. Trends in the development  of Digital Financial Assets in the Russian Federation and forecast</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0765-5199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станкевич</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stankevich</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станкевич Вадим Сергеевич, аспирант школы финансов факультета экономических наук</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim S. Stankevich, post-graduate student of the School of Finance, Faculty of Economics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadi.st@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-1892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Власов Андрей Васильевич</p><p>г. Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/R-6663-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Vlasov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avvlasov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; ДДТ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; DDT company</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>422</fpage><lpage>452</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Станкевич В.С., Власов А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Станкевич В.С., Власов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stankevich V.S., Vlasov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2546">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2546</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение текущего состояния рынка цифровых финансовых активов и перспектив его развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в работе использованы сравнительно-логические методы, анализ, синтез, сравнительный анализ в части сопоставления теоретической стороны рынка ЦФА и практического использования данной технологии; SWOTанализ, метод экспертных оценок.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в эпоху цифровизации многих экономических процессов одним из ключевых трендов финансовых рынков становится токенизация активов. В то же время отмечается отсутствие качественной институциональной системы управления цифровыми финансовыми активами. Авторами определены тенденции развития рынка ЦФА, проведен анализ текущего состояния рынка, исследованы опубликованные работы ученых, на основе которых подготовлен краткий обзор литературы, составлен SWOT-анализ рынка ЦФА, определены преимущества, потенциал и угрозы развития рынка в РФ. В работе обозначены тенденции развития рынка ЦФА с учетом существующих рисков, что актуально для инвесторов при планировании инвестиций и выборе ЦФА как объекта инвестиций, диверсификации инвестиционного портфеля.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: проведен нарративный анализ развития рынка цифровых финансовых активов. Проведен сравнительный анализ цифровых финансовых активов и традиционных финансовых инструментов. Определены основные регуляторные решения инфраструктурных проблем, которые требуются для развития цифровых финансовых активов. Представленный SWOT-анализ послужил основой для формирования авторского взгляда на страновое развитие ЦФА-технологий, что актуально для исследователей регуляторных аспектов, системной унификации и гармонизации нормативно-правовой базы и социально-экономических отношений.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: в ходе исследования был проведен анализ объема эмиссий ЦФА, определены наиболее встречаемые при выпусках виды ЦФА. Эмитенты ЦФА, операторы, как организаторы выпусков ЦФА, и инвесторы могут использовать результаты данного исследования для принятия решений в деятельности с использованием цифровых активов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the current state of the digital financial assets market and the prospects for its development.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the work uses comparative-logical methods, analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis in terms of comparing the theoretical aspects of the DFA market and the practical use of this technology; SWOT-analysis, the method of expert assessments.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: in the era of digitalization of many economic processes, one of the key trends of financial markets is tokenization of assets. At the same time, there is a lack of a high-quality institutional system for managing digital financial assets. The authors identified the DFA market development trends, analyzed the market current state, researched the published scientific works and prepared a brief literature review, made a SWOT-analysis of the DFA market, and identified the advantages, potential and threats to this market development in Russia. The paper identifies trends in the DFA market development, taking into account the existing risks. This is relevant for investors when planning investments and selecting DFAs as an investment object, to diversify the investment portfolio.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: a narrative analysis of the digital financial assets market development was carried out. A comparative analysis of digital financial assets and traditional financial instruments was performed. The main regulatory solutions to the infrastructural problems were identified, that are necessary for the development of digital financial assets. The presented SWOT-analysis served as a basis for the formation of the author’s view DFA-technologies development in the country, which is relevant for researchers of regulatory aspects, system unification and harmonization of the regulatory framework and socio-economic relations.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the study analyzed the volume of DFA issues and identified their most common types. DFA issuers, operators as organizers of DFA issues, and investors can use the study results to make decisions in activities using digital assets.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технологии распределенного реестра (DLT)</kwd><kwd>цифровые финансовые активы</kwd><kwd>ЦФА</kwd><kwd>утилитарные права</kwd><kwd>оператор информационной системы</kwd><kwd>оператор обмена ЦФА</kwd><kwd>SWOT-анализ рынка ЦФА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>distributed ledger technology (DLT)</kwd><kwd>digital financial assets</kwd><kwd>DFAs</kwd><kwd>utility rights</kwd><kwd>information system operator</kwd><kwd>DFA exchange operator</kwd><kwd>SWOT analysis of the DFA market</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность рецензентам. Исследование подготовлено в рамках программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ (Научно-учебная лаборатория финансовых инноваций и риск-менеджмента; Международная лаборатория экспериментальной и поведенческой экономики); диссертационного исследования на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук, проекта «Оператор обмена цифровыми активами».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to reviewers. The study was prepared within the framework of the fundamental research program of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” (Scientific-educational Laboratory of financial innovations and risk management; International Laboratory of experimental and behavioral economics); the dissertation research for the Cand. Sci. (Economics); and the “Digital Asset Exchange Operator” project.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абреков, М. М., Власов, А. В. (2022). Рынки ICO и IPO: обзор состояния и перспектив. Пространственная экономика, 18(4), 36–67. https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.4.036-067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrekov, M. M., &amp; Vlasov, A. V. (2022). ICO and IPO markets: a review of the state and prospects. Spatial Economics, 18(4), 36–67. (In Russ.). https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.4.036-067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеев, В. Н., Власов, А. В. (2020). Потенциал применения цифровых финансовых активов. Финансовый журнал, 12(6), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-100-112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanasyev, D. G. (2022). Digital transformation of the financial system of the Russian Federation and development of the market of digital financial assets. Innovative Development of the Economy, 6(72), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.51832/2223798420226143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова, Н. С. (2021). Соотношение понятий «цифровые права», «цифровая валюта» и «цифровой финансовый актив». Вестник Московского университета МВД России, 6, 28–31. https://doi.org/10.24412/2073-0454-2021-6-28-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ageev, V. N., &amp; Vlasov, A. V. (2020). Potential Applications of Digital Financial Assets. Financial Journal, 12(6), 100–112. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-100-112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюшин, С. А. (2018). Технология распределенных реестров в финансовой сфере России. Банковское дело, 2, 4–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova, N. S. (2021). Relationship of the concepts “digital rights”, “digital currency” and “digital financial assets”. Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 6, 28–31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/20730454-2021-6-28-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюшин, С. А. (2021). Цифровая валюта центрального банка как третья форма денег государства. Актуальные проблемы экономики и права, 15(1), 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.15.2021.1.54-76</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen, F., Gu, X., &amp; Jagtiani, J. (2022). Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China. Journal of International Money and Finance, 124, 102625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев, Д. Г. (2022). Цифровая трансформация финансовой системы Российской Федерации и развитие рынка цифровых финансовых активов. Инновационное развитие экономики, 6(72), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.51832/2223798420226143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryushin, S. A. (2018). Distributed ledger technology in the Russian financial sphere. Banking, 2, 4–15. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байдукова, Н. В., Бусько, А. А., Горулев, Д. А. и др. (2018). Инновации финансового рынка в условиях цифровой экономики. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryushin, S. A. (2021). Digital currency of the central bank as the third form of state money. Actual Problems of Economics and Law, 15(1), 54–76. (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.15.2021.1.54-76</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балюк, И. А. (2019). Рынок корпоративных облигаций: международный опыт и российская практика. Финансы: теория и практика, 23(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-2-74-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baidukova, N. V., Busko, A. A., Gorulev, D. A. et al. (2018). Innovations of the financial market under digital economy. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State University of Economics. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белозеров, С., Соколовская, Е., Ким, Ю. С. (2020). Финтех как фактор трансформации глобальных финансовых рынков. Форсайт, 14(2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.23.35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balyuk, I. A. (2019). Corporate bond market: international experience and Russian practice. Finance: Theory and Practice, 23(2), 74–83. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-2-74-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белозорова, Э. Н. (2023). Цифровые финансовые активы, цифровые валюты и цифровой капитал в трансформации мировой финансовой системы. Экономические науки, 221, 29–32. https://doi.org/10.14451/1.221.29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bas, T., Malki, I., &amp; Sivaprasad, S. (2024). Connectedness between central bank digital currency index, financial stability and digital assets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 92, 101981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2024.101981</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василевская, Л. Ю. (2019). Токен как новый объект гражданских прав: проблемы юридической квалификации цифрового права. Актуальные проблемы российского права, 5(102), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.102.5.111-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belozorova, E. N. (2023). Digital financial assets, digital currencies and digital capital in the transformation of the global financial system. Economic sciences, 221, 29–32. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14451/1.221.29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов, А. В. (2022). Обзор понятий технологий распределенных реестров и цифровых активов в целях гармонизации их общего применения. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(4), 745–761. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.745-761</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belozyorov, S., Sokolovska, O., &amp; Kim, Y. (2020). Fintech as a Precondition of Transformations in Global Financial Markets. Foresight and STI Governance, 14(2), 23–35. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.23.35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов, А. В., Абреков, М. М. (2018). Российское IPO: классические и альтернативные способы привлечения средств. Модели, системы и сети в экономике, технике, природе и обществе, 25(1), 18–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bewaji, O. (2024). A computational model of bilateral credit limits in payment systems and other financial market infrastructures. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, 5(1), 100115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2023.100115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончарова, М. В., Гончаров, А. И. (2023). Модернизация инвестиционной технологии выпуска и оборота цифровых финансовых активов. AlterEconomics, 20(3), 570–602. https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2023.20-3.5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bollaert, H., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., &amp; Schwienbacher, A. (2021). Fintech and access to finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 68, 101941.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101941</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Городов, О. А. (2020). Приобретение утилитарных цифровых прав как новый способ инвестирования по законодательству России. Право и цифровая экономика, 1(07), 5–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domingo, C., &amp; Mathew, E. (2021). Tokenisation: Assembling the building blocks of an institutional digital assets marketplace. Journal of Securities Operations &amp; Custody, 13(3). https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jsoc/2021/00000013/00000003/art00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуделл, Д., Аль-Накиб, Х. Д., Таска, П. (2021). Архитектура цифровой валюты, системно поддерживающая приватность и кастодиальное хранение. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 15(4), 788–821. https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2021.4.788-821</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doshchatov, A. A. (2022). Legal regulation of digital financial assets and digital currency in the Russian Federation. Nauchnye Zapiski Molodykh Issledovatelei, 10(4), 53–64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дощатов, А. А. (2022). Правовое регулирование цифровых финансовых активов и цифровой валюты на территории Российской Федерации. Научные записки молодых исследователей, 10(4), 53–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolaeva, O. V. (2017). Issue of bonds as a source to finance activities of organizations. Financial Analytics: Science and Experience, 10(3), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.24891/fa.10.3.299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолаева, О. В. (2017). Эмиссия облигаций как источник финансирования деятельности организаций. Финансовая аналитика: проблемы и решения, 10(3), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.24891/fa.10.3.299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farag, H., &amp; Johan, S. (2021). How alternative finance informs central themes in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 67, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101879</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочергин, Д. А. (2022). Цифровые валюты центральных банков: опыт внедрения цифрового юаня и развитие концепции цифрового рубля. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(1), 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.51-78</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng, Y., Meng, M., &amp; Li, G. (2023). Impact of digital finance on the asset allocation of small- and medium sized enterprises in China: Mediating role of financing constraints. Journal of Innovation &amp; Knowledge, 8(3), 100405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100405</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошелев, К. А. (2022). Тенденции развития рынка цифровых финансовых активов в контексте цифровой трансформации мировой экономики. Финансы: теория и практика, 26(4), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-4-80-94</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharova, M. V., &amp; Goncharov, A. I. (2023). Modernizing Investment Technology for Digital Financial Asset Issuance and Trading: An Empirical Study. AlterEconomics, 20(3), 570–602. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2023.20-3.5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудряшова, Т. А., Федосова, Т. В., Шульгина, Е. А. (2021). Модель децентрализованной кредитной системы на основе блокчейн-технологии. Вопросы инновационной экономики, 11(3), 1227–1246. https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.11.3.112409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorodov, O. A. (2020). Acquisition of utilitarian digital rights as a new means of investment according to the Russian legislation. Law and Digital Economy, 1(07), 5–10. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кушниренко, М. Р. (2023). Выпуск цифровых финансовых активов с использованием цифровых платформ: возможности и риски для участников финансовой операции. Известия высших учебных заведений. Серия: Экономика, финансы и управление производством, 02(56), 6–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harish, A. R., Liu, X. L., Li, M., Zhong, R. Y., &amp; Huang, G. Q. (2023). Blockchain-enabled digital assets tokenization for cyber-physical traceability in E-commerce logistics financing. Computers in Industry, 150, 103956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.103956</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мандрон, В. В., Зверев, А. В., Мишина, М. Ю. (2018). Финансовые рынки современной России: особенности регулирования и тенденции развития. Вестник Брянского государственного университета, 1(35), 226–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haykir, O., &amp; Yagli, I. (2022). Speculative bubbles and herding in cryptocurrencies. Financial Innovation, 8(78). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00383-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков, А. В., Новикова, И. Я. (2020). Развитие финансового рынка как драйвер роста экономики России. Идеи и идеалы, 12(1), 319–352. https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.1.2-319-352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiménez, I., Mora-Valencia, A., &amp; Perote, J. (2023). Multivariate dynamics between emerging markets and digital asset markets: An application of the SNP-DCC model. Emerging Markets Review, 56, 101054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2023.101054</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новоселова, Л. А., Полежаев, О. А. (2021). Цифровые финансовые активы как объекты имущественных отношений: актуальные вопросы теории и практики. Власть закона, 2(46), 75–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochergin, D. A. (2022). Central Bank Digital Currencies: Experience of Introducing a Digital Yuan and Development of a Digital Ruble Conception. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(1), 51–78. (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/27822923.2022.1.51-78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ображиев, К. В. (2022). Преступные посягательства на цифровые финансовые активы и цифровую валюту: проблемы квалификации и законодательной регламентации. Журнал российского права, 26(2), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2022.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshelev, K. A. (2022). Trends in the evolution of the digital financial assets market in the context of the digital transformation of the global economy. Finance: Theory and Practice, 26(4), 80–94. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-264-80-94</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паршин, М. А., Джораев, Х. Х. (2020). Перспективы развития финансового рынка в Российской Федерации: корпоративные облигации и структурные облигации. Российский экономический вестник, 3(2), 194–199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreppmeier, J., Laschinger, R., Steininger, B. I., &amp; Dorfleitner, G. (2023). Real estate security token offerings and the secondary market: Driven by crypto hype or fundamentals? Journal of Banking &amp; Finance, 154, 106940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.106940</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рождественская, Т. Э., Гузнов, А. Г. (2021). Особенность правового статуса оператора информационной системы, в которой осуществляется выпуск цифровых финансовых активов, и оператора обмена цифровых финансовых активов как организаций, обеспечивающих цифровые финансовые технологии. Вестник Университета имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА), 9(85), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.85.9.124-134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryashova, T. A., Fedosova, T. V., &amp; Shulgina, E. A. (2021). A model of a decentralized credit system based on blockchain technology. Russian Journal of Innovation Economics, 11(3), 1227–1246. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.11.3.112409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорочкин, А. А. (2021). Актуальные проблемы правового регулирования финансового надзора за стабильностью финансовых рынков национальными и международными нормами. Проблемы экономики и юридической практики, 17(2), 241–248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushnirenko, M. R. (2023). Issuance of digital financial assets using digital platforms: opportunities and risks for financial transaction participants. Ivecofin, 02(56), 6–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимофеева, Т. Б., Оздоева, Э. А. (2020). Анализ мирового опыта в создании цифровых платформ и связанных с ними рисков. Управление, 8(3), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2020-8-3-112-122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, F., &amp; Perez-Saiz, H. (2018). Measuring systemic risk across financial market infrastructures. Journal of Financial Stability, 34, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.08.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усова, Н. В., Логинов, М. П. (2021). Цифровая трансформация финансовых услуг в России. Журнал экономической теории, 18(2), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-2.9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandron, V. V., Zverev, A. V., &amp; Mishina, M. Y. (2018). Financial markets of modern Russia: peculiarities of regulation and development trends. Bulletin of the Bryansk State University, 1(35), 226–234. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестемиров, А. А., Жатикова, Д. В. (2023). Потенциал внедрения цифровых финансовых активов и цифровых валют центральных банков в финансовую систему государства. Финансовое право, 10, 25–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov, A. V., &amp; Novikova, I. Ya. (2020). Development of the financial market as a driver of economic growth in Russia. Ideas and Ideals, 12(1), 319–352. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.1.2-319-352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щавелев, А. В. (2021). Цифровые финансовые активы, цифровая валюта и цифровые деньги. Инновации. Наука. Образование, 33, 826–831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novoselova, L. A., &amp; Polezhaev, O. A. (2021). Digital financial assets as objects of property relations: topical issues of theory and practice. Vlast zakona, 2(46), 75–91. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen, F., Gu, X., &amp; Jagtiani, J. (2022). Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China. Journal of International Money and Finance, 124, 102625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obrazhiev, K. V. (2022). Criminal attacks on digital financial assets and digital currency: qualification and legal regulation issues. Journal of Russian Law, 26(2), 71–87. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2022.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bas, T., Malki, I., &amp; Sivaprasad, S. (2024). Connectedness between central bank digital currency index, financial stability and digital assets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 92, 101981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2024.101981</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parshin, M. A., &amp; Joraev, H. H. (2020). Prospects for the development of the financial market in the Russian Federation: corporate bonds and structural bonds. Russian Economic Bulletin, 3(2), 194–199. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bewaji, O. (2024). A computational model of bilateral credit limits in payment systems and other financial market infrastructures. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, 5(1), 100115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2023.100115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel, R., Migliavacca, M., &amp; Oriani, M. E. (2022). Blockchain in banking and finance: A bibliometric review. Research in International Business and Finance, 62, 101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101718</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bollaert, H., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., &amp; Schwienbacher, A. (2021). Fintech and access to finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 68, 101941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101941</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth, J., Schär, F., &amp; Schöpfer, A. (2019). The Tokenization of Assets: Using Blockchains for Equity Crowdfunding. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3443382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Domingo, C., &amp; Mathew, E. (2021). Tokenisation: Assembling the building blocks of an institutional digital assets marketplace. Journal of Securities Operations &amp; Custody, 13(3). https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jsoc/2021/00000013/00000003/art00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozhdestvenskaya, T. E., &amp; Guznov, A. G. (2021). The features of the legal status of the operator of the information system in which digital financial assets are issued, and of the operator of the exchange of digital financial assets as organizations that provide digital financial technologies. Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), 9(85), 124–134. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.85.9.124-134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farag, H., &amp; Johan, S. (2021). How alternative finance informs central themes in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 67, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101879</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandhu, K., Dayanandan, A., &amp; Kuntluru, S. (2023). India’s CBDC for digital public infrastructure. Economics Letters, 231, 111302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111302</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng, Y., Meng, M., &amp; Li, G. (2023). Impact of digital finance on the asset allocation of small- and medium sized enterprises in China: Mediating role of financing constraints. Journal of Innovation &amp; Knowledge, 8(3), 100405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100405</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schletz, M., Nassiry, D., &amp; Lee, M.-K. (2020). Blockchain and Tokenized Securities: The Potential for Green Finance. ADBI Working Paper, 1079. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/publications/blockchain-tokenized-securitiespotential-green-finance</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodel, G., Al-Nakib, H. D., &amp; Tasca, P. (2021). A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 15(4), 788–821. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2021.4.788-821</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchavelev, A. V. (2021). Digital financial assets, digital currency and digital money. Innovatsii. Nauka. Obrazovanie, 3, 826–831. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harish, A. R., Liu, X. L., Li, M., Zhong, R. Y., &amp; Huang, G. Q. (2023). Blockchain-enabled digital assets tokenization for cyber-physical traceability in E-commerce logistics financing. Computers in Industry, 150, 103956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.103956</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestimirov, A. A., &amp; Zhatikova, D. V. (2023). The potential of introducing digital financial assets and digital currencies of central banks into the financial system of the state. Financial Law, 10, 25–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haykir, O., &amp; Yagli, I. (2022). Speculative bubbles and herding in cryptocurrencies. Financial Innovation, 8(78). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00383-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith, J., Vora, M., Benedetti, H., Yoshida, K., &amp; Vogel, Z. (2019). Tokenized Securities &amp; Commercial Real Estate. MIT Digital Currency Initiative Working Group Research Paper.  https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3438286</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiménez, I., Mora-Valencia, A., &amp; Perote, J. (2023). Multivariate dynamics between emerging markets and digital asset markets: An application of the SNP-DCC model. Emerging Markets Review, 56, 101054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2023.101054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorochkin, A. A. (2021). Actual problems of legal regulation of financial supervision of the stability of financial markets by national and international regulators. Economic Problems and Legal Practice, 17(2), 241–248. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreppmeier, J., Laschinger, R., Steininger, B. I., &amp; Dorfleitner, G. (2023). Real estate security token offerings and the secondary market: Driven by crypto hype or fundamentals? Journal of Banking &amp; Finance, 154, 106940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.106940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeeva, T. B., &amp; Ozdoeva, E. A. (2020). Analysis of global experience in creating digital platforms and related risks. Management, 8(3), 112–122. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2020-8-3-112-122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li, F., &amp; Perez-Saiz, H. (2018). Measuring systemic risk across financial market infrastructures. Journal of Financial Stability, 34, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.08.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usova, N. V., &amp; Loginov, M. P. (2021). Digital transformation of financial services in Russia. Russian Journal of Economic Theory, 18(2), 277–289. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-2.9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel, R., Migliavacca, M., &amp; Oriani, M. E. (2022). Blockchain in banking and finance: A bibliometric review. Research in International Business and Finance, 62, 101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101718</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilevskaya, L. Y. (2019). Token as a New Civil Rights Object: Issues of Legal Classification of Digital Law. Actual Problems of Russian Law, 5(102), 1–119. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.102.5.111-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth, J., Schär, F., &amp; Schöpfer, A. (2019). The Tokenization of Assets: Using Blockchains for Equity Crowdfunding. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3443382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov, A. V. (2022). Review of the notions of distributed ledger technologies and digital assets for harmonization of their joint use. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(4), 745–761. (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.745-761</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandhu, K., Dayanandan, A., &amp; Kuntluru, S. (2023). India’s CBDC for digital public infrastructure. Economics Letters, 231, 111302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov, A. V., &amp; Abrekov, M. M. (2018). Russian IPO: classical and alternative ways of raising funds. Models, Systems and Networks in Economics, Engineering, Nature and Society, 25(1), 18–31. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schletz, M., Nassiry, D., &amp; Lee, M.-K. (2020). Blockchain and Tokenized Securities: The Potential for Green Finance. ADBI Working Paper, 1079. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/publications/blockchain-tokenized-securities-potential-green-finance</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, S., Wen, W., Niu, Y., &amp; Li, X. (2024). Digital transformation and corporate labor investment efficiency. Emerging Markets Review, 59, 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith, J., Vora, M., Benedetti, H., Yoshida, K., &amp; Vogel, Z. (2019). Tokenized Securities &amp; Commercial Real Estate. MIT Digital Currency Initiative Working Group Research Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3438286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yousaf, I., Abrar, A., Yarovaya, L. (2023). Decentralized and centralized exchanges: Which digital tokens pose a greater contagion risk? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 89, 101881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, S., Wen, W., Niu, Y., &amp; Li, X. (2024). Digital transformation and corporate labor investment efficiency. Emerging Markets Review, 59, 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, S., Wen, W., Niu, Y., &amp; Li, X. (2024). Digital transformation and corporate labor investment efficiency. Emerging Markets Review, 59, 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yousaf, I., Abrar, A., Yarovaya, L. (2023). Decentralized and centralized exchanges: Which digital tokens pose a greater contagion risk? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 89, 101881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yousaf, I., Abrar, A., Yarovaya, L. (2023). Decentralized and centralized exchanges: Which digital tokens pose a greater contagion risk? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 89, 101881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
