rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/2782-2923.2024.2.500-516rusjel-2550Research ArticleУГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО И КРИМИНОЛОГИЯCRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGYВлияние неравенства доходов на страх перед преступностью: комплексный метаанализImpact of Income Inequality on Fear of Crime: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-5733РанавираН.RanaweeraN.

Нишани Ранавира, старший преподаватель кафедры криминалистики и уголовной юстиции факультета гуманитарных и общественных наук

г. Нугегода

Nishani Ranaweera, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Nugegoda

ranaweera@sjp.ac.lkУниверситет Шри-ДжаяварденепураШри-ЛанкаUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraSri Lanka202412062024182500516Copyright © Ранавира Н., 20242024Ранавира Н.Ranaweera N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2550Цель

Цель: обобщение имеющихся исследований для достижения всестороннего понимания влияния неравенства доходов на страх перед преступностью и выяснения, как экономическое неравенство влияет на безопасность в обществе.

Методы

Методы: использовались качественные методы, включая сравнительный анализ и обобщение, а также историко-генетический метод. Для составления подборки рецензируемых эмпирических исследований был проведен систематический поиск по нескольким базам данных, таким как PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus и Google Scholar. Для расчета общей величины эффекта использовалась модель случайных эффектов, при этом оценивались неоднородность исследований и факторы, влияющие на их результаты, такие как географическое положение и соотношение городских и сельских районов.

Результаты

Результаты: на основе широкого спектра эмпирических данных была выявлена умеренная положительная связь между неравенством доходов и страхом перед преступностью, особенно выраженная в городских районах. Умеренная неоднородность исследований указывает на вариативность в зависимости от контекста. Обобщенные данные свидетельствуют о значительной роли неравенства доходов в усилении страха перед преступностью и указывают на сложную взаимосвязь между экономическим неравенством и воспринимаемой безопасностью общества.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: данное исследование представляет собой первую попытку преодолеть разрыв между теоретическими положениями теорий социальной дезорганизации и неравенства, с одной стороны, и эмпирическими данными о влиянии неравенства доходов на страх перед преступностью – с другой; в работе представлен всесторонний обзор и подчеркиваются расхождения, закономерности и общее значение связи между данными явлениями.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: результаты исследования могут быть полезны политикам и общественным деятелям при разработке целевых мероприятий по снижению страха перед преступностью, подчеркивая необходимость политики, направленной на устранение экономического неравенства и повышение общественного благосостояния. Кроме того, рекомендуется проведение дальнейших лонгитюдных исследований для изучения причинно-следственных связей и механизмов, определяющих взаимозависимость между неравенством доходов и страхом перед преступностью, что обогащает концепции институциональной экономики в отношении пределов и возможностей институциональных преобразований для повышения безопасности общества.

Objective

Objective: to synthesize existing research to comprehensively understand the impact of income inequality on fear of crime, aiming at elucidating how economic disparities influence community security.

Methods

Methods: qualitative methods, including comparative analysis and generalization, alongside the historical and genetic method, were employed. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to aggregate peer-reviewed empirical studies. A random-effects model was used for calculating overall effect sizes, with study heterogeneity and moderating factors such as geographic location and urban versus rural settings assessed.

Results

Results: a moderate positive relationship between income inequality and fear of crime was unveiled, particularly pronounced in urban areas, based on a wide array of empirical data. Moderate study heterogeneity indicates context-dependent variability. The synthesis of findings underscores the significant role of income inequality in exacerbating fear of crime, highlighting a complex interplay between economic disparities and perceived community security.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: this study represents the first attempt to bridge the gap between theoretical assumptions of social disorganization and inequality theories with empirical evidence on the impact of income inequality on fear of crime, providing a comprehensive overview and highlighting discrepancies, patterns, and the overall strength of this association.

Practical significance

Practical significance: the findings offer crucial insights for policymakers and community leaders in developing targeted interventions to mitigate fear of crime, emphasizing the necessity for policies that address economic disparities to enhance societal well-being. Additionally, it recommends further longitudinal research to explore the causal relationships and mechanisms underlying the association between income inequality and fear of crime, enriching the concepts of institutional economics concerning the limits and possibilities of institutional transformations in enhancing community security.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.