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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2024.3.770-803</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неопределенная величина: участие пострадавшего и «черный ящик» при произвольном условно-досрочном освобождении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An uncertain participant: victim input and the black box of discretionary parole release</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эпстейн</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epstein</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ноа Эпстейн, степень по юриспруденции, 2022, степень бакалавра искусств, 2018</p><p>Фордем; Нью-Йорк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Noah Epstein, J.D. Candidate, 2022, B.A., 2018 </p><p>Fordham; New York</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа права Фордемского университета; Колгейтский университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fordham University School of Law; Colgate University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>770</fpage><lpage>803</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эпстейн Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эпстейн Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Epstein N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2579">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2579</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: анализ влияния позиции потерпевшего при назначении условно-досрочного освобождения от отбывания наказания по законодательству США.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический и социологический.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты: вопросы условно-досрочного освобождения в США до сих пор недостаточно изучены, поскольку советы штатов по УДО в основном действуют по своему усмотрению и не раскрывают основания своих решений широкой общественности. Еще меньше известно о сфере пересечения прав пострадавших при принятия решения об УДО. После подъема движения за права пострадавших в 1970-е гг. пострадавшие перестали быть пассивной стороной процесса и получили возможность значительно влиять на решение об освобождении. Сегодня это влияние усиливается, поскольку большинство советов по УДО провозглашают значимость мнения пострадавших и активно используют его при принятии решений. Однако роль пострадавшего в процедуре УДО по-прежнему четко не определена. Вместо того чтобы попытаться найти ответы на эти принципиальные вопросы, существующая система дает членам советов по УДО значительные полномочия для определения места и роли пострадавшего в процессе. Этот подход привел к тому, что участие пострадавшего является непоследовательным и неэффективным, что отрицательно сказывается как на обвиняемых, так и на самих пострадавших и на членах совета.</p></sec><sec><title>   Научная новизна</title><p>   Научная новизна: в работе определено четыре аналитических подхода к оценке УДО, которые раскрывают различные варианты участия потерпевшего. В связи с этим советам по УДО предлагается принимать решение об освобождении на основании оценки возможностей исправления осужденного, степени общественной опасности совершенного деяния, а также целей уголовного наказания. Участие пострадавшего должно влиять на решение об освобождении, только если оно дает дополнительную информацию, а не предположение о том, что осужденный не исправился или назначенное минимальное наказание не отражает воздействия преступления и не достигает целей наказания. Признавая последствия такого подхода, предлагается изменить процедуру принятия решения об УДО, а также изменить структуру советов по УДО с учетом принципов равенства, гласности и неотвратимости ответственности. Применение описанного в статье подхода к участию пострадавшего в процедуре УДО и внедрениепроцедурных изменений должно привести к созданию системы, которая является более справедливой по отношению к осужденным, снижает риски косвенного вреда для пострадавших и защищает членов советов от нежелательного внешнего давления.</p><p>   Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с процедурой УДО.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective: to analyze the impact of the victim’s input in the parole process according to the US legislation.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results: Little is understood about the parole release process, as state parole boards predominately operate with incredible discretion and keep their deliberations and rationales hidden from public view. Even less is understood about the intersection of the inscrutable parole release decision-making process and victim rights. As the victim rights movement mobilized in the1970s, victims, instead of remaining passive witnesses, came to wield significant influence over the release decision process. Today, victim participation in parole proceedings is increasing as most parole boards proclaim how important victims’ voices are and, in turn, actively incorporate victim input into their release calculus. Yet, it is not entirely clear what role, if any, victims should have in the release process because it is not entirely clear what purposes parole release should serve more generally. Rather than resolving these pressing questions that are at the heart of the release decision, the current system gives individual parole board members a great degree of discretion when it comes to how they approach victim input and the role it should serve. This approach has resulted in a release process that treats victim input in a troubling and inconsistent manner, which is unfair to inmates, victims, and parole board members alike.</p></sec><sec><title>   Scientific novelty</title><p>   Scientific novelty: To make sense of this situation, this paper identifies four analytical frameworks for understanding discretionary parole release, which reveal board members’ options for approaching victim input. Ultimately, the author proposes that parole boards should approach the release decision as an evaluation of both the inmate’s rehabilitation and the extent to which sentencing’s retributive and deterrent goals have been met. In this vein, victim input should only influence the release decision if it provides information, not emotion, that the inmate is not rehabilitated or that the judge's minimumsentence did not accurately reflect the impact of the crime and that retribution or deterrence has not been met. In recognition of the implications of such an approach, the article proposes procedural changes to the release decision and structural changes to parole boards. These recommended reforms are animated by principles of equity, transparency, and procedural justice. Applying this approach to victim input in the parole process and implementing the corresponding procedural changes can hopefully create a system that is fairer for inmates, minimizes risks of secondary harms to victims, and protects board members from improper external pressures.</p><p>   Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to parole release process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>условно-досрочное освобождение</kwd><kwd>совет по УДО</kwd><kwd>осужденный</kwd><kwd>потерпевший</kwd><kwd>цель наказания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>parole release</kwd><kwd>parole board</kwd><kwd>inmate</kwd><kwd>victim</kwd><kwd>goal of punishment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">About the Parole Board, Va. 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