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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2025.1.5-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Естественно-научные аспекты маржиналистской революции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Natural-scientific aspects of the marginalist revolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-9311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудрик</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudrik</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мудрик Дмитрий Георгиевич, независимый экономист-исследователь</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy G. Mudrik, independent researcher, economist</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmudrik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-252X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковнир</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovnir</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковнир Владимир Николаевич, доктор экономических наук, профессор, Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова; профессор факультета инженерного бизнеса и менеджмента (ИБМ-1), Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Kovnir, Dr. Sci. (Economics), Professor, Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov; Professor of the Faculty of Engineering Business and Management (EBM-1), Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">horserex@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Независимый экономист-исследователь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Independent researcher, economist</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова; Московский государственный технический университет имени Н. Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov; &#13;
Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мудрик Д.Г., Ковнир В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мудрик Д.Г., Ковнир В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudrik D.G., Kovnir V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2617">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2617</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение основных принципов новой парадигмы, которую выдвигали основоположники маржинализма (Госсен, Джевонс, Менгер, Вальрас) и ее связи с естественно-научной парадигмой. Исследование маржиналистской революции как перехода экономической науки от морального (идеалистического) мировоззрения, основанного на принципах антропоморфизма, телеологизма и иеирархизма, к естественно-научному (натуралистическому) мировоззрению, основанному на принципах эмпиризма и рационализма.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: историко-генетический, философско-диалектический методы, естественно-научный метод междисциплинарного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в статье представлены основные этапы зарождения естественно-научных идей в трудах разработчиков классической школы и их дальнейшего развития. Проведен анализ возникновения естественно-научного метода в познании природных явлений в XVII в. и дальнейшего его применения в познании экономических явлений в работах предшественников классической школы и маржиналистов. Показано, что революционные идеи основоположников маржинализма являются продолжением естественно-научной революции в экономической науке, в основании которой лежало эмпирическое (чувственное) познание связи между восприятием субъективной ценности благ и их наблюдаемыми естественными свойствами (полезностью) и редкостью, получившее рациональное математическое выражение в форме «закона предельной полезности». Определены основные философско-методологические проблемы, мешающие маржиналистам развивать естественно-научные идеи в экономической науке, связанные с существующей дихотомией познания материальных и духовных явлений, которая приводила к трудностям в научном объяснении понятия ценности благ. Показано, что в результате попытки преодоления указанных противоречий экономические явления стали объясняться математической моделью «рационального» поведения человека, построенной на общеустановленных постулатах поведения «экономического человека» или установленных обществом правилах и институтах.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: показано, что субъективное чувственное восприятие свойства ценности благ может так же объективно изучаться, как и субъективные ощущения естественных свойств объектов. Показано, что предложенный маржиналистами метод исследования хозяйственной деятельности позволяет дать естественно-научное определение понятиям силы и энергии хозяйственных процессов, которые могут быть не просто «удобными» метафорами, но и инструментами, помогающими проникнуть в сущность экономических процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: положения и выводы статьи обосновывают и расширяют применение естественно-научного метода при анализе и моделировании экономических процессов.</p><p>Данная статья подготовлена на основе доклада Д. Г. Мудрика, В. Н. Ковнира «Неоконченная маржиналистская революция», представленного на V Российском экономическом конгрессе в Екатеринбурге 11–15 сентября 2023 г. (с. 59–62).  http://www.econorus.org/pdf/Volume1_REC-2023.pdf</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to define the basic principles of the new paradigm, put forward by the founders of marginalism (Gossen, Jevons, Menger, Walras), and its connection with the natural science paradigm; to study the marginalist revolution as a transition of economics from a moral (idealistic) worldview, based on anthropomorphism, teleologism and hierarchism, to a natural-scientific (naturalistic) worldview, based on empiricism and rationalism.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: historical-genetic method, philosophical-dialectical method, natural-scientific method of interdisciplinary analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the article presents the main stages of the birth of natural-scientific ideas in the works by classical school authors and their further development. The author analyzes the emergence of the natural-scientific method in the cognition of natural phenomena in the 17th century and its further application in the cognition of economic phenomena in the works by classical school predecessors and marginalists. The revolutionary ideas of the marginalism founders are proved to continue the natural-scientific revolution in economics. The latter was based on empirical (sensory) cognition of the connection between the perception of the subjective value of goods and their observed natural properties (usefulness) and rarity. This received a rational mathematical expression in the form of the “law of marginal utility”. The author identified the main philosophical and methodological problems that prevent marginalists from developing scientific ideas in economics, related to the existing dichotomy in the cognition of material and spiritual phenomena, leading to difficulties in the scientific explanation of goods value. As an attempt to overcome these contradictions, economic phenomena began to be explained by a mathematical model of “rational” human behavior based on the general postulates of an “economic person’s” behavior or rules and institutions established by society.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: it was shown that the subjective sensory perception of the goods value can be studied as objectively as the subjective sensations of the objects’ natural properties. The method of economic activity research proposed by marginalists allows giving natural scientific definitions of force and energy in economic processes. This makes them not just “convenient” metaphors, but also tools that help to penetrate into the essence of economic processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the provisions and conclusions of the article substantiate and expand the application of the natural science method in the analysis and modeling of economic processes.</p><p>The article is based on the report by D. G. Mudrik and V. N. Kovnir “The Unfinished Marginalist Revolution”, presented at the 5th Russian Economic Congress in Yekaterinburg on September 11–15, 2023 (pp. 59–62). http://www.econorus.org/pdf/Volume1_REC-2023.pdf</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономическая теория</kwd><kwd>маржиналистская революция</kwd><kwd>моральное мировоззрение</kwd><kwd>естественно-научное мировоззрение</kwd><kwd>свойство ценности</kwd><kwd>естественные свойства</kwd><kwd>сила</kwd><kwd>энергия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic theory</kwd><kwd>marginalist revolution</kwd><kwd>moral worldview</kwd><kwd>natural-scientific worldview</kwd><kwd>property of value</kwd><kwd>natural properties</kwd><kwd>force</kwd><kwd>energy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автономов, В. С. (1993). Человек в зеркале экономической теории. 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