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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2025.2.345-389</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2637</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>На пути к национальному регулированию правовых технологий: метод повышения доступа к правосудию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toward national regulation of legal technology: a path forward for access to justice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симшоу</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simshaw</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симшоу Дрю – доцент.</p><p>Спокан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Drew Simshaw - Assistant Professor and Clute-Holleran Scholar in Corporate Law, Gonzaga University School of Law.</p><p>Spokane</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа права университета Гонзага</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gonzaga University School of Law</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>389</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симшоу Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симшоу Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simshaw D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2637">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2637</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучение юридических технологий как инструмента для преобразования рынка юридических услуг и улучшения доступа к правосудию.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в статье используются всеобщий диалектический метод познания, а также общенаучные (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция) и частнонаучные методы исследования (формально-юридический).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: юридические технологии могут способствовать сокращению разрыва в доступе к правосудию, поскольку они повышают эффективность процессов, демократизируют доступ к информации и помогают потребителям самостоятельно решить свои юридические проблемы или связаться с юристами, которые могут это сделать. Однако без надлежащего проектирования технологии также способствуют консолидации влияния, могут закреплять предвзятость и усиливать неравенство. Государственное регулирование юридических услуг еще не адаптировалось к этому формирующемуся технологическому ландшафту, который постоянно изменяется под влиянием инструментов, управляемых искусственным интеллектом, таких как ChatGPT. Множество вопросов в этой сфере остаются нерешенными, например, относится ли использование этих технологий к несанкционированным юридическим практикам; приводит ли оно к дискриминации; обеспечивает ли такое использование надлежащую защиту данных клиентов; нарушаются ли при этом требования технологической компетентности; требует ли оно применения запрещенных межотраслевых бизнес-структур. Несмотря на широко распространенные призывы к реформированию регулирования с целью устранения этих неопределенностей, лишь немногие юрисдикции предприняли соответствующие действия. Причина этого в недостатке данных об использовании, преимуществах и вреде быстро развивающихся юридических технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в работе доказано, что имеющийся опыт, а также эмпирические и экономические преимущества позволят провести более обоснованные и действенные реформы, направленные на обеспечение баланса между защитой прав потребителей и доступом к правосудию. В статье представлено предложение по внедрению «песочницы» в области национальной юридической системы. Речь идет о механизме апробации реформы регулирования, который дает возможность тщательно протестировать инновационные услуги с помощью временных безопасных зон и анализа получаемых данных, что должно способствовать принятию более обоснованных нормативных решений. Юридические услуги традиционно регулируются на государственном уровне, однако на примере других отраслей очевидна эффективность лицензирования физических лиц на местном уровне с одновременным общегосударственным регулированием используемых технологий. Коллегии адвокатов отдельных штатов полагаются на помощь государственных организаций в выполнении других регулирующих функций, например, при разработке правил профессиональной деятельности. Потенциал юридических технологий в устранении пробелов и в целом общенационального кризиса в правосудии требует аналогичных мер на государственном уровне.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с юридическими технологиями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study legal technologies as a tool for transforming the legal services market and improving access to justice.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the article uses general dialectical method of cognition, as well as general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific (formal-legal) research methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: legal technology can help close the access-to-justice gap by increasing efficiency, democratizing access to information, and helping consumers solve their own legal problems or connecting them with lawyers who can. However, without proper design, technology can also consolidate power, automate bias, and magnify inequality. The state-by-state regulation of legal services has not adapted to the emerging technology-driven landscape that is continually being reshaped by artificial intelligence-driven tools like ChatGPT. Confusion abounds concerning whether use of these technologies amounts to unauthorized practice of law, leads to discrimination, adequately protects client data, violates the duty of technological competence, or requires prohibited cross-industry business structures. Despite widespread calls for regulatory reforms that respond to these uncertainties, few jurisdictions have acted, as little data exists about the use, benefits, and harms of rapidly emerging legal technologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: This article argues that, in light of these problems, regulatory reform processes should be explored at the national level, where expertise, as well as empirical benefits and economic advantages, would yield more informed and impactful reforms aimed at balancing consumer protection and access to justice. The article provides a comprehensive proposal for an opt-in national legal services “sandbox” – a regulatory reform mechanism that carefully tests innovative services through temporary safe harbors and data generation that leads to more informed regulatory decision-making. Although legal services are traditionally regulated at the state level, other industries have benefited from licensing individuals locally while regulating the technologies they use nationally, and state bars already rely on national entities to help with other regulatory functions, like drafting rules of professional conduct. Legal technology’s potential to help close the justice gap – a national crisis – warrants a similar national response.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to legal technologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>юридические технологии</kwd><kwd>юридические услуги</kwd><kwd>доступ к правосудию</kwd><kwd>лицензирование</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>legal technologies</kwd><kwd>legal services</kwd><kwd>access to justice</kwd><kwd>licensing</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит участников семинара для молодых ученых «Профессиональная ответственность 2022»: Kathryn Birks, Veronica C. Gonzales-Zamora, Marsha Griggs, Peter Joy и Rebecca Roiphe – за их содержательные комментарии к предыдущей версии этой статьи, а также членов Совета по юридической практике судов Вашингтона за их отзывы. Особую благодарность автор выражает в адрес Michael Cherry и Craig Shank. Наконец, автор благодарит Gabriel Buehler и Laine Ellison за их неоценимую помощь в исследовании и редакторов журнала Fordham Law Review за отличную редакторскую работу.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author thanks the participants of the 2022 Professional Responsibility Junior Scholars Workshop – Kathryn Birks, Veronica C. Gonzales-Zamora, Marsha Griggs, Peter Joy, and Rebecca Roiphe – for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this Article, as well as the members of the Washington Courts Practice of Law Board for their feedback, with special thanks to Michael Cherry and Craig Shank. 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