rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/2782-2923.2025.3.675-695rusjel-2661Research ArticleМЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ СТАТЬИINTERDISCIPLINARY ARTICLESКогнитивное моделирование: теоретические основы, методы, ограниченияCognitive modeling: theoretical bases, methods, limitationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-6229ЗбрищакС. Г.ZbrishchakS. G.

Збрищак Светлана Георгиевна - кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры моделирования и системного анализа, Scopus Author ID: 57219552715; Web of Science Researcher ID: AAR-4641-2020.

Москва

Svetlana G. Zbrishchak, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Modeling and System Analysis, Scopus Author ID: 57219552715; Web of Science Researcher ID: AAR-4641-2020.

Moscow

SGZbrischak@fa.ruФинансовый университет при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияFinance University under the Russian GovernmentRussian Federation202509092025193675695Copyright © Збрищак С.Г., 20252025Збрищак С.Г.Zbrishchak S.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2661Цель

Цель: проведение обзора области когнитивно-интеллектуального моделирования и области визуализации знаний для выявления нерешенных задач, проблем и рисков.

Методы

Методы: обзор области когнитивного моделирования, которая рассматривается как совокупность методов для внешнего отображения когнитивных структур и когнитивных процессов человека в виде формальных или слабо формализованных когнитивных карт. Описаны некоторые проблемы, риски и когнитивные искажения, возникающие при концептуализации знаний и влияющие на достоверность, качество, чтение и понимание когнитивных моделей.

Результаты

Результаты: показана связь когнитивного моделирования с концепциями слабо структурированных проблем и трудноразрешимых проблем, которые описывают класс сложных ситуаций реального мира. Кратко описаны пять категорий методов когнитивного моделирования и способы построения коллективных когнитивных карт. Определена взаимосвязь областей когнитивного моделирования и управления знаниями в части концептуализации знаний. Обобщены некоторые риски визуализации знаний, среди которых чрезмерная уверенность в надежности и достоверности визуализации; неоднозначные интерпретации из-за множества неявных значений; зависимость от предыдущего опыта и визуальной грамотности пользователя. Обозначены нерешенные вопросы достоверности, качества, чтения и понимания когнитивных моделей. Выявлен методический разрыв при переходе от слабо формализованной когнитивной карты к формальной когнитивной карте. Отмечен дефицит обзорных работ, где систематизируются и осмысливаются результаты, опыт и знания в области когнитивного моделирования.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: проведенный обзор области когнитивного моделирования позволил поставить и обосновать исследовательскую задачу по интеграции методов когнитивного моделирования и методов визуализации знаний для снижения рисков, возникающих вследствие когнитивных искажений при интеллектуальной деятельности человека.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: обозначенные сопутствующие любому процессу когнитивно-интеллектуального моделирования риски когнитивного искажения должны приниматься во внимание как модельерами, так и пользователями. Устранить полностью эти риски невозможно, но до некоторой приемлемой степени их можно снизить посредством совместного применения методов когнитивного моделирования и методов визуализации знаний.

Objective

Objective: to review the field of cognitive-intelligent modeling and the field of knowledge visualization to identify unresolved issues, challenges and risks.

Methods

Methods: an overview of the field of cognitive modeling, which is viewed as a set of methods for the external representation of human cognitive structures and processes in the form of formal or ill-formalized cognitive maps. Some of the problems, risks, and cognitive distortions are described that arise in the conceptualization of knowledge and affect the validity, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models.

Results

Results: the author shows the relationship of cognitive modeling with the concepts of ill-structured problems and wicked problems that describe a class of complex real-world situations. Five categories of cognitive modeling methods and ways of constructing collective cognitive maps were briefly described. The interrelation of cognitive modeling and knowledge management in terms of knowledge conceptualization were determined. Some risks of knowledge visualization were summarized, including excessive confidence in the visualization reliability; ambiguous interpretations due to multiple implicit meanings; dependence on the user’s previous experience and visual literacy. Unresolved issues of reliability, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models were outlined. A methodological gap was identified in the transition from an ill-formalized to a formal cognitive map. A shortage of review papers was marked to systematize and comprehend the results, experience and knowledge in the field of cognitive modeling.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: the conducted review of the field of cognitive modeling allowed setting and justifying the research task of integrating cognitive modeling methods and knowledge visualization methods to reduce the risks arising from cognitive distortions in human intellectual activity.

Practical significance

Practical significance: the risks of cognitive distortion associated with any process of cognitive-intellectual modeling should be taken into account by both modelers and users. It is impossible to eliminate these risks completely, but they can be reduced to an acceptable extent through the combined use of cognitive modeling and knowledge visualization methods.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.