rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/2782-2923.2025.4.924-946rusjel-2695Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESОткрываем тайны процесса признания вины: рекомендации адвокатов и ошибочные представления их клиентовDemystifying the Plea Process: Investigating Attorney Communications and Client MisconceptionsУилфордМ. М.WilfordM. M.

Мико М. Уилфорд, PhD, доцент психологии

г. Эймс

Miko M. Wilford, associate professor of Psychology

Ames

mwilford@iastate.eduДайфаваР. Дж.DiFavaR. J.

Рашель Дж. Дайфава, стажер в области клинической психологии, кандидат на получение степени доктора психологии

г. Форт-Лодердейл

Rachele J. DiFava, psychology trainee and candidate for a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology

Fort Lauderdale

rd1503@mynsu.nova.eduХендерсонК. С.HendersonK. S.

Келси С. Хендерсон, PhD, доцент криминологии и уголовного правосудия

г. Портленд

Kelsey S. Henderson, PhD, associate professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Portland

Kelsey.henderson@pdx.eduУниверситет штата АйоваСоединённые Штаты АмерикиIowa State UniversityUnited StatesУниверситет Нова СаутистернСоединённые Штаты АмерикиNova Southeastern UniversityUnited StatesУниверситет штата Орегон в ПортлендеСоединённые Штаты АмерикиPortland State UniversityUnited States202504122025194924946Copyright © Уилфорд М.М., Дайфава Р.Д., Хендерсон К.С., 20252025Уилфорд М.М., Дайфава Р.Д., Хендерсон К.С.Wilford M.M., DiFava R.J., Henderson K.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2695

Цель: изучение вопросов, связанных с взаимодействием адвоката и клиента, по поводу выстраивания правовой позиции по делу и признания клиентом вины.Методы: в статье используются всеобщий диалектический метод познания, а также общенаучные (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция) и частнонаучные методы исследования (формально-юридический).Результаты: система правосудия Соединенных Штатов все больше становится «системой признания вины», роль адвокатов также меняется – от участия в судебном процессе к ведению переговоров о признании вины. Результаты исследования показывают, что адвокаты защиты тратят значительное количество времени на встречи с клиентами. Респонденты также сообщили о пробелах в знаниях обвиняемых относительно работы правовой системы и о многочисленных неверных представлениях клиентов о юридических процедурах. Ответы на вопросы о наиболее важных советах, которые они дают своим клиентам, значительно разнились: среди них были сообщения о процессе разрешения дела, о прямых и побочных последствиях обвинительного приговора, о роли адвоката защиты, а также о важности права на молчание. Кроме того, более половины опрошенных адвокатов указали на свое нежелание, а 15,0 % – на прямой отказ давать клиентам четкие рекомендации о признании вины.Научная новизна: процесс признания вины сложен, и адвокаты защиты играют в нем важнейшую роль. В данной работе показано, как эволюционировали их функции – от консультативной до образовательной и оценочной. Будущие исследования потребуют дополнительного сбора качественных данных, что поможет понять не только то, влияют ли адвокаты на принятие решений обвиняемыми и в какой степени, но и как именно они это делают. Такой тип исследований, посвященных «расширенной юридической защите по уголовным делам», часто фокусируется не столько на типичных исходах дел, сколько на процессах, например, на переговорах о признании вины и эффективных коммуникациях между адвокатом и клиентом, а также часто учитывает точку зрения обвиняемых. Это открывает новые направления исследований и показывает, как организовать успешное взаимодействие между защитником и клиентом. В работе обосновывается мнение о том, что необходимо снизить нагрузку на адвокатов защиты и облегчить им задачу по обеспечению того, чтобы их клиенты имели необходимые знания, принимая решения о признании вины.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с выстраиванием правовой позиции по делу и признания клиентом вины.

Objective: to study issues related to the lawyer and client interaction regarding building a legal position on the case and the plea process.Methods: the article uses the universal dialectical method of cognition, as well as general (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific research methods (formal-legal method).Results: As the United States has shifted to “a system of pleas,” the role of defense attorneys has swung from trial litigator to plea negotiator. The study results indicated that defense attorneys spend a significant amount of time meeting with clients. Attorneys also cited substantial deficits in criminal defendants’ knowledge of the legal system, as well as many misconceptions regarding legal procedures. The respondents provided a diversity of responses regarding the most important advice they offer their clients with many mentioning facts related to the case resolution process, the direct and collateral consequences associated with a criminal conviction, the role of the defense attorney, and the importance of the right to silence. Further, over half of the attorneys surveyed indicated a general hesitance and 15.0% – an outright refusal to provide an explicit plea recommendation to their clients.Scientific novelty: The plea process is complex, and defense attorneys play a critical role in this process. The current work highlights how that role has potentially evolved – moving from adviser to educator and evaluator. More qualitative data collection like this is needed to illuminate how attorneys influence defendants’ decision-making rather than just whether they do and by how much. This type of research on “expanded criminal defense lawyering” often goes above and beyond typical outcomes, and instead focuses more on the process, such as plea negotiations and effective attorney-client communication, and often incorporates the defendants’ perspectives. Such studies will inform future avenues for research and how best to operationalize attorney-client communication. The research substantiates the need to reduce the burden on defense attorneys by making it easier for them to ensure that their clients are meeting the knowing and intelligent requirements for plea decisions.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to building a legal position on the case and the plea process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.