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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2026.1.5-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономические основания проконкурентного регулирования: выбор режима и риски ошибок (на примере аэропортов)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic foundations of pro-competitive regulation: regime choice and error risks (evidence from airports)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8400-0728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубенко Андрей Николаевич, аспирант, кафедра конкурентной и промышленной политики, экономический факультет</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: PKG-5171-2026</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Zubenko, post-graduate student, Department of Competition and Industrial Policy, faculty of Economics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubenko.an@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зубенко А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zubenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2748">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2748</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработка теоретико-методического подхода к оценке обоснованности проконкурентного экономического регулирования, выбору его режима и инструментов; определение рисков несоответствия дизайна регулирования экономическим основаниям вмешательства, оценка их релевантности на примере аэропортовой отрасли.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: качественный экономико-правовой анализ, включающий сопоставление экономических оснований регулирования (естественная монополия, трансакционные издержки, ключевые мощности, платформы) с целями и предметом вмешательства, применение концепции издержек ошибок I и II рода (необоснованное вмешательство либо невмешательство/недостаточное вмешательство, несмотря на наличие оснований) для разработки критериев выбора регуляторного режима и типологии рисков, анализ отраслевой литературы и кейс-стади российского правоприменения в сфере аэропортовых услуг.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: систематизированы ключевые экономические основания проконкурентного регулирования (естественная монополия, трансакционные издержки, ключевые мощности, платформы). В рамках каждого основания определены предмет вмешательства и соответствующий набор ценовых и неценовых инструментов. Предложены критерии выбора режима регулирования и принцип ступенчатого ужесточения мер. Разработана типология рисков несоответствия регулирования его основаниям на стадиях правоустановления и правоприменения, включая риск переноса регуляторного режима на конкурентные сегменты рынка. На примере аэропортовой отрасли продемонстрированы каналы реализации данных рисков и их последствия для инвестиционных стимулов и результативности конкурентной политики.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: заключается в разработке интегрированного подхода, увязывающего экономические основания вмешательства с дизайном регуляторного режима через призму концепции издержек ошибок I и II рода. Впервые предложена комплексная типология рисков несоответствия регулирования, а также выявлен и описан механизм переноса регуляторного режима на нерегулируемые сегменты рынка, ранее не рассматривавшийся в литературе по экономике аэропортов.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: результаты применимы при проведении конкурентной политики, проектировании дифференцированных режимов тарифного регулирования и недискриминационного доступа, оценке регулирующего и фактического воздействия мер конкурентной политики.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the justification of pro-competitive economic regulation and to selecting its regulatory regime and instruments; to identify the risks arising when regulatory design is misaligned with the economic rationale for intervention, and to assess the relevance of these risks using the airport industry as a case study.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: qualitative law-and-economics analysis. The study compares the economic rationales for regulation (natural monopoly, transaction costs, essential facilities, and platform economics) with the stated objectives and scope of intervention. The error-cost framework is used to derive criteria for choosing a regulatory regime and to develop a typology of risks, distinguishing Type I errors (unwarranted intervention) from Type II errors (non-intervention or insufficient intervention). The analysis draws on the airport economics literature and case studies of Russian enforcement practice in airport services market.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the paper systematizes the economic rationales for pro-competitive regulation and shows how a chosen rationale determines the relevant scope of intervention and the range of price and non-price instruments. It proposes criteria for regulatory regime choice and a stepwise principle for tightening regulatory constraints. A typology of misalignment risks is developed for both rulemaking and enforcement stages, including the risk of extending a regulatory regime to competitive and potentially competitive market segments. On an example of airport industry, the paper demonstrates the channels through which these risks materialize and their consequences for efficiency-enhancing and investment incentives, as well as for the effectiveness of competition and industrial policy.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the study offers an approach to assessing the theoretical justification of pro-competitive economic regulation and a procedure for selecting a regulatory regime that reduces the likelihood of Type I and Type II errors. It develops a typology of risks stemming from the misalignment between regulatory design and the economic rationale for intervention and illustrates (on airport markets) the mechanism through which regulatory regimes may be extended to segments that would otherwise remain unregulated.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the results can be applied in competition policy, in designing differentiated regimes for tariff regulation and non-discriminatory access, and in assessing both the intended and actual effects of competition policy measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономическая теория</kwd><kwd>экономическое регулирование</kwd><kwd>проконкурентное регулирование</kwd><kwd>тарифное регулирование</kwd><kwd>конкурентная политика</kwd><kwd>теоретические основания регулирования</kwd><kwd>аэропорты</kwd><kwd>ошибки I и II рода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic theory</kwd><kwd>economic regulation</kwd><kwd>pro-competitive regulation</kwd><kwd>tariff regulation</kwd><kwd>competition policy</kwd><kwd>theoretical grounds for regulation</kwd><kwd>airports</kwd><kwd>type I and II errors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева, С. 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