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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2026.1.135-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРИПТОМИР И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRYPTO-WORLD AND DIGITAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обязательные резервы банков как макропруденциальный инструмент обеспечения финансовой стабильности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obligatory bank reserves as a macroprudential instrument for ensuring financial stability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-8515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюшин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryushin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрюшин Сергей Анатольевич, доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: N-7005-2017</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Andryushin, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрюшин С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрюшин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andryushin S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2754">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2754</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: обоснование необходимости использования обязательных резервов в качестве макропруденциального инструмента обеспечения финансовой стабильности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в статье задействованы статистический, теоретико-методологический, сравнительный и качественный методы анализа, объясняющие функциональные особенности обязательных резервов как инструмента обеспечения финансовой стабильности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: определены ключевые характеристики обязательных резервов как инструмента финансовой стабильности, рассмотрены подходы центральных банков различных стран, раскрыта практика формирования и регулирования резервных требований в России. Проанализирована взаимосвязь между обязательными резервами, кредитной активностью банков и рисками – процентным, ликвидности и валютным. Показано влияние обязательных резервов на частоту и масштабы эпизодов финансового стресса, уточнены их взаимосвязи с процентной и курсовой политикой центрального банка.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: раскрыта ограниченность политики Банка России по обеспечению финансовой стабильности за счет использования обязательных резервов в качестве антикризисного инструмента. Банку России предложено в условиях роста рыночной неопределенности использовать обязательные резервы в качестве макропруденциального инструмента регулирования финансовой стабильности. Это позволит сдерживать избыточное кредитование, снижать зависимость от внешнего финансирования, формировать запасы ликвидности и поддерживать устойчивость обменного курса рубля.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: показано, что ценовая стабильность не может быть единственным и достаточным условием обеспечения финансовой стабильности. Решения по изменению и регулированию нормативов или коэффициентов усреднения обязательных резервов банков всегда должны быть первичными по отношению к решениям по изменению ключевой ставки. Это позволит в периоды кредитного перегрева или кризиса ликвидности за счет регулирования нормативов и коэффициентов усреднения обязательных резервов лучше сглаживать расхождение фаз и продолжительность колебаний финансового и делового циклов; обеспечить устойчивую зависимость между объемами банковского кредитования, выпуском продукции и уровнем кредитоспособности заемщика; воздействовать на кредитную активность, объем кредитования, размер процентных ставок по кредитам и депозитам, реальный обменный курс, финансовый левередж на притоки и оттоки частного капитала.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to substantiate the need to use mandatory reserves as a macroprudential tool to ensure financial stability.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the article uses statistical, theoretical-methodological, comparative methods, and qualitative analysis to explain the functional features of mandatory reserves as a tool for ensuring financial stability.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the author identified the key characteristics of mandatory reserves as a tool of financial stability, reviewed the approaches of central banks of various countries, and described the practice of forming and regulating reserve requirements in Russia. The article analyzes the relationship between mandatory reserves, credit activity of banks and risks (interest rate, liquidity and currency risks). The author shows the influence of mandatory reserves on the frequency and scale of financial stress episodes and clarifies their interrelationships with the central bank’s interest rate and exchange ratepolicies.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the research reveals the limitations of the Bank of Russia’s policy to ensure financial stability by using mandatory reserves as an anti-crisis tool. Under the growing market uncertainty, the author proposes that the Bank of Russia use mandatory reserves as a macroprudential instrument for regulating financial stability. This will provide an opportunity to curb excessive lending, reduce dependence on external financing, build liquidity reserves, and maintain a stable ruble exchange rate.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the work shows that price stability cannot be the only and sufficient condition for ensuring financial stability. Decisions on regulation of standards or coefficients of mandatory reserves averaging should always be primary relative to decisions on changing the key interest rate. This helps to better smooth out phase differences and the duration of fluctuations in the financial and business cycles during credit overheating or a liquidity crisis by regulating the standards and averaging coefficients of mandatory reserves. In addition, this allows ensuring a stable relationship between the volume of bank lending, production and the borrower’s creditworthiness; to influence credit activity, the volume of lending, the amount of interest rates on loans and deposits, the real exchange rate, and financial leverage on private capital inflows and outflows.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денежно-кредитная политика</kwd><kwd>кредитные организации</kwd><kwd>макропруденциальная политика</kwd><kwd>обязательные резервы</kwd><kwd>финансовая стабильность</kwd><kwd>финансовые риски</kwd><kwd>центральный банк</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>credit institutions</kwd><kwd>macroprudential policy</kwd><kwd>mandatory reserves</kwd><kwd>financial stability</kwd><kwd>financial risks</kwd><kwd>central bank</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Банк России. 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