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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2026.2.421-439</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-2801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERDISCIPLINARY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовой режим разработки и внедрения квантовых технологий: российский и зарубежный опыт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regime for the development and implementation of quantum technologies: Russian and foreign experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-7530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колобов</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolobov</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колобов Роман Юрьевич, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, научный сотрудник</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: H-4644-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57210558887</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman Yu. Kolobov, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Researcher</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: H-4644-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57210558887 </p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roman.kolobov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Иркутский институт химии имени А. Е. Фаворского»  Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre “A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>421</fpage><lpage>439</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колобов Р.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колобов Р.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolobov R.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2801">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/2801</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявление закономерностей регулирования отношений, связанных с развитием квантовых технологий в России, зарубежных странах и международной нормативной системе.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: исходя из сформировавшейся фрагментарности российского регулирования и комплексных подходов в ЕС и США, автор обосновывает преимущественное использование сравнительно-правового метода как позволяющего нивелировать национальную специфику юридической техники. Применение метода проходит стадии сопоставления (выявление различий в понятийном аппарате, институциональной архитектуре и режимах экспортного контроля) и собственно сравнения, выражающегося в выявлении общих закономерностей и отличий, обусловленных национальным контекстом. Автор ставит вопрос о формировании «квантового права» как специализированного юридического дискурса, что определяет также использование системного подхода и формально-юридического анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: проведенный сравнительно-правовой анализ позволил автору сформулировать следующие ответы на вопросы исследования. Во-первых, выявлена фрагментарность российского регулирования в отличие от комплексных подходов в США (закон NQIA) и ЕС (подготовка Европейского квантового акта). Автор обосновывает, что именно закон выполняет экспрессивную функцию, публично артикулируя приоритет квантовой сферы. Во-вторых, установлено, что во всех анализируемых правопорядках приоритетное развитие получают квантовые коммуникации и постквантовая криптография. Автор интерпретирует это наличием экзистенциальной угрозы «сохрани сейчас – расшифруй потом» (HNDL). В-третьих, подтверждена тенденция сочетания мер государственной поддержки с инструментами контроля (стандартизация NIST/ANSSI, экспортный контроль). В-четвертых, выявлена институциональная закономерность опоры на «национальных чемпионов». В-пятых, установлено возрастание роли технических стандартов как универсального регуляторного инструмента в условиях технологической неопределенности.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: автор обосновывает рассмотрение «квантового права» не как отрасли, а как юридического дискурса – институционально организованной коммуникации, закрепляющей нормативные смыслы и воспроизводящей легитимные процедуры аргументации в доктрине, нормотворчестве и правоприменении.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: результаты могут использоваться законодателями при разработке комплексного законодательства, регуляторами – при подготовке дорожных карт постквантовой миграции (до 2030–2035 гг.), а также при внедрении экспериментальных правовых режимов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify patterns of regulation of relations associated with quantum technologies development in Russia, foreign countries, and the international regulatory system.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: based on the shaped fragmentation of Russian regulation and integrated approaches in the EU and the USA, the author justifies the preferential use of the comparative legal method as it allows offsetting the national specifics of legal technology. The application of this method goes through the stages of comparison (identification of differences in the conceptual framework, institutional architecture and export control regimes) and the actual comparison, which is expressed in the identification of common patterns and differences in the national context. The author raises the question of the formation of “quantum law” as a specialized legal discourse, which also determines the use of a systematic approach and formal legal analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the comparative legal analysis allowed the author to formulate the following answers to the research questions. First, the fragmentation of Russian regulation was revealed, in contrast to the integrated approaches in the USA (NQIA law) and the EU (preparation of the European Quantum Act). The author proved that it is the law that performs an expressive function, publicly articulating the priority of the quantum sphere. Second, it was established that in all analyzed legal systems, quantum communications and post-quantum cryptography receive priority development. The author interpreted this as an existential threat of “harvest now – decrypt later” (HNDL). Third, the research confirmed the trend of combining government support measures with control tools (NIST/ANSSI standardization, export control). Fourth, the author identified the institutional pattern of reliance on “national champions”. Fifth, he established the increasing role of technical standards as a universal regulatory tool under technological uncertainty.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the author substantiated the study of “quantum law” not as a branch, but as a legal discourse – an institutionally organized communication that consolidates normative meanings and reproduces legitimate argumentation procedures in doctrine, rulemaking and law enforcement.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the results can be used by legislators developing comprehensive legislation and by regulators preparing post-quantum migration roadmaps (up to 2030-2035) and implementing experimental legal regimes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квантовые технологии</kwd><kwd>шифрование</kwd><kwd>квантовые вычисления</kwd><kwd>научно-техническое развитие</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование квантовых технологий</kwd><kwd>квантовое право</kwd><kwd>квантовые коммуникации</kwd><kwd>экспортный контроль</kwd><kwd>постквантовая криптография</kwd><kwd>сравнительное правоведение</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные правовые режимы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quantum technologies</kwd><kwd>encryption</kwd><kwd>quantum computing</kwd><kwd>scientific and technological development</kwd><kwd>legal regulation of quantum technologies</kwd><kwd>quantum law</kwd><kwd>quantum communications</kwd><kwd>export control</kwd><kwd>post-quantum cryptography</kwd><kwd>comparative law</kwd><kwd>experimental legal regimes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках исполнения государственного задания РАН № 125013001144-6.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted as part of the state assignment of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 125013001144-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добробаба, М. 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