rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.14.2020.3.571-597XGTOEVrusjel-39Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESВсего лишь магазинная кража (или нет?): судебные процессы по делам о магазинных кражах до и после принятия Закона 585 штата МиссисипиIt’s just shoplifting (or is it?): examining court processing of shoplifting before and after the passage of Mississippi House Bill 585КукА.CookA.noemail@neicon.ruМэйД. С.MayD. C.noemail@neicon.ruУниверситет штата МиссисипиСоединённые Штаты АмерикиMississippi State UniversityUnited States202030092020143571597Copyright © Кук А., Мэй Д.С., 20202020Кук А., Мэй Д.С.Cook A., May D.C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/39

Цель: изучение судебных процессов по делам о магазинных кражах до и после принятия Закона 585 штата Миссисипи (Mississippi House Bill 585) в 2014 г. на примере сельского суда.Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений с использованием основанных на нем общенаучных (анализ, синтез, индукция) и частно-научных (формально-юридический, системный, сравнительно-правовой, социологический) методов познания.Результаты: на основании проведенного исследования можно дать ряд важных практических рекомендаций. Первая касается необходимости сократить число лиц, не являющихся на судебные заседания в делах о магазинных кражах. В более ранних исследованиях было показано, что во многих юрисдикциях неявки в суд объяснялись не сознательным уклонением, а незнанием необходимости явиться в суд или неспособностью сделать это. Возможно, такая проблема существует и в изучаемом сельском поселении, так как в нем полностью отсутствует общественный транспорт (а значит, необходима помощь друзей или родственников, чтобы добраться в суд), а у суда нет системы оповещения о необходимости явки. В этой и других подобных юрисдикциях необходимо ввести систему оповещения о необходимости явиться на судебное заседание за 48-72 часа до него, причем оповещение должно предусматривать уведомление о вручении. Если уведомление не получено, необходимо направить сообщение повторно. Если ответ не получен и после второго извещения, можно принять дополнительные меры, прежде чем обвинять гражданина в неявке или заочно выносить обвинительный приговор по делу. Вторая рекомендация, следующая из результатов настоящего исследования, касается роли сети Walmart в местном сообществе и в системе уголовного судопроизводства. Из всех компаний, работающих в таких небольших сельских поселениях, как изучаемое в данной работе, сеть Walmart обычно использует наиболее развитую систему предотвращения убытков. Работники охраны этой сети прямо заинтересованы в снижении уровня краж из магазинов компании. Поэтому местные сотрудники системы уголовного судопроизводства должны принять меры по вовлечению компании Walmart в работу по предотвращению правонарушений в масштабах сообщества. Сотрудничество на постоянной основе между работниками охраны Walmart , полицией и шерифом, судьями и работниками исправительных учреждений может помочь выработать подходы, которые позволят сократить число краж из магазинов данной сети, снизить нагрузку на правоохранительную систему, связанную с магазинными кражами. Научная новизна: в работе обосновывается, что Закон 585 штата Миссисипи (Mississippi House Bill 585) повысил пороговый уровень ущерба, при котором магазинная кража переходит из категории мисдиминора в категорию тяжкого преступления (с 500 до 1 000 долларов) и отменил условие, по которому третье и последующие задержания за магазинную кражу (на сумму менее 500 долларов) автоматически рассматривались как тяжкое преступление. Наше исследование показало, что после принятия Закона 585 в изучаемой юрисдикции сократились гендерные и расовые диспропорции при задержаниях за магазинные кражи. Причем, напротив, возросло общее количество задержаний за магазинные кражи, неявок на судебное разбирательство и обвинительных приговоров.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с предупреждением и пресечением правонарушений.

Objective: to examine the court processing of shoplifting offenses before and after the 2014 passage of Mississippi House Bill 585 in a rural jurisdiction.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena using the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction) and specific scientific (formal-legal, systemic, comparative-legal, sociological) methods of cognition.Results: the research revealed several important policy implications. The first revolves around the importance of reducing the number of individuals charged with shoplifting that miss their court appearance. Previous research has revealed that, in many jurisdictions, individuals fail to appear in court not because they consciously refuse to appear but often because they are unaware or unable to appear. This may be a particular problem in the study city because they lack reliable public transportation of any form (making individuals heavily reliant on friends and relatives to help them get to their court appearance) and the court does not have a court appearance reminder notification system in place. This jurisdiction, and others who share these problems, would likely be well-served in considering a notification system whereby the individual who is to appear at court is notified 48-72 hours prior to their court appearance and required to respond to that notification. If no response is received, a follow-up inquiry should be submitted. If no response is received after the second notification, additional steps could be implemented prior to charging the individual with failure to appear or adjudicating them as guilty in absentia. A second important implication from this study has to do with the role of Walmart in the local community and criminal justice system. Walmart often has the largest loss prevention presence of any business in small, rural communities like this one. Thus, these security personnel have a vested interest in reducing shoplifting at Walmart . Local criminal justice officials should thus make special efforts to incorporate Walmart into crime prevention and reduction strategies in the community. Regular meetings between Walmart security personnel, the police chief and sheriff, and judges and corrections personnel would likely result in strategies that would both reduce shoplifting at Walmart and reduce the burden of shoplifting.Scientific novelty: the work showed that House Bill 585 increased the threshold required to move shoplifting from a misdemeanor to a felony (from $500 to $1,000) and took away the requirement that the third and subsequent arrests for shoplifting (for less than $500) were automatically enhanced as felonies. The findings reveal that the gender and racial gap in shoplifting arrests in the jurisdiction under study were reduced after House Bill 585. On the other hand, overall numbers of shoplifting arrests, failures to appear, and guilty dispositions increased after House Bill 585.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the crime prevention and suppression.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.