References

rusjel

Russian Journal of Economics and Law

2782-2923

"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.

10.21202/1993-047X.14.2020.4.852-869

NCCWUX

rusjel-53

Research Article

ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

TRANSLATED ARTICLES

Как тайное становится явным: выявление коррупции в государственной сфере

Rising to the Surface: The Detection of Public Corruption

Артелло

К.

Artello

kartello@vcu.edu

Албаниз

Д. С.

Albanese

J. S.

noemail@neicon.ru

Университет Содружества ВиргинииСоединённые Штаты АмерикиVirginia Commonwealth UniversityUnited States

2020

30122020

144852869

2020

Артелло К., Албаниз Д.С.

Artello K., Albanese J.S.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/53

Цель: анализ современного состояния коррупции в государственной сфере в Соединенных Штатах Америки. Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой и социологический. Результаты: последние 30 лет в США растет число случаев коррупции в государственной сфере. Некоторые из них - однократные акции, например получение взятки за контракт; другие носят долгосрочный и систематический характер, как «Дело о продаже детей», в котором фигурировали судьи из штата Пенсильвания. В данной работе проведены беседы с 73 респондентами: бывшими следователями, прокурорами, членами сообщества, а также лицами, непосредственно участвовавшими в коррупционной деятельности. В сочетании с анализом судебных документов это позволило определить, как случаи коррупции становились известны правоохранительным органам. Информация о коррупционных действиях поступает в правоохранительные органы несколькими путями: от граждан, непосредственно столкнувшихся с коррупцией; в ходе расследований по иным делам; из анонимных источников; в ходе регулярно проводимых проверок. Эмпирические примеры, взятые из бесед и судебных дел, показывают, как правоохранительные органы выявляют коррупционные действия. В отличие от случаев мошенничества в деловой сфере, в коррупционных делах сообщения граждан играют меньшую роль по сравнению с сообщениями информаторов и других криминальных элементов. Научная новизна: в исследовании впервые проанализировано современное состояние коррупции в государственной сфере в Соединенных Штатах Америки, выявлены и определены типичные механизмы выявления коррупционных деяний.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при выявлении, пресечении и предупреждении правонарушений в сфере противодействия коррупции.

Objective: to analyze the contemporary state of public corruption in the United States of America.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological. Results: in the last 30 years, prosecutions of public corruption cases have continued to increase in the United States. Some cases are short-term acts, such as a bribe for a contract, but others are long-term and systematic, such as the Pennsylvania judges’ kids for cash scandal. This project involved interviews with 73 former investigators, prosecutors, community stakeholders, and individuals with first-hand experience in corrupt activities, together with analysis of court documents, to reveal how such cases came to the attention of law enforcement. Information about corrupt acts comes to law enforcement in a few distinct ways: experienced by a member of the community, discovered during other investigations, tips from anonymous persons or whistleblowers, and through regularly required audits. Empirical examples from interviews and court cases show how law enforcement identified corrupt acts. Unlike business fraud, whistleblowers appear to play a smaller role compared to informants and other criminals in corruption cases.Scientific novelty: this article is the first to analyze the contemporary state of public corruption in the United States ofAmerica, reveal and define the typical mechanisms of how corrupt acts come to the attention of law enforcement.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when revealing, suppressing and preventing the offenses related to corruption counteraction.

правонарушениепреступлениекоррупцияборьба с коррупциейгосударственная властьгосударственный и муниципальный служащий

OffenseCrimeCorruptionStruggle against corruptionPublic authoritiesPublic and municipal officials

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.