At present the problem of stable development of any enterprise gains in paramount importance because any stable development of Russian economy is feasible only at economic sustainability of each enterprise. The article considers the economic stabilization and competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of factors of external and internal environment attacks. The author suggests the conceptual approach to economic stabilization of the enterprise which serves as the basis of the adaptive management by internal environment factors for the purpose of their registration and adaptation to the market requirements, providing competitive advantages, competitiveness and stability of the enterprise. This approach is linking the competitiveness, economic sustainability and enterprise adaptive management.