rusjelRussian Journal of Economics and LawRussian Journal of Economics and Law2782-2923"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.10.21202/1993-047X.15.2021.2.332-359TXNNEPrusjel-75Research ArticleПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИTRANSLATED ARTICLESФормирование отношения к массовым расстрелам гражданского населения в новостных средствах массовой информации: доступность оружия, психические нарушения, насилие для развлечения, терроризмThe news media’s framing of mass shootings: gun access, mental illness, violent entertainment, and terrorismСильваД. Р.SilvaJ. R.silvaj18@wpunj.eduУниверситет Уильяма ПатерсонаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиWilliam Paterson UniversityUnited States202130062021152332359Copyright © Сильва Д.Р., 20212021Сильва Д.Р.Silva J.R.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/75

Цель: изучение отношения граждан США к массовым расстрелам мирного населения посредством рассмотрения материалов, опубликованных в новостных средствах массовой информации.Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой и социологический. Результаты: в работе проведен анализ искажений при освещении прессой массовых расстрелов гражданского населения в США с 2000 по 2016 г. Автор анализирует использование четырех точек зрения при освещении материалов в газете «Нью-Йорк Таймс», а именно: доступности оружия, психических нарушений, насилия для развлечения, терроризма. Показано, как эти четыре точки зрения используются для подачи материалов о массовых расстрелах, как они изменялись со временем, как характеристики преступления влияют на выбор точки зрения, а также как новостные средства массовой информации могут искажать представление об описываемом явлении.Научная новизна: результаты исследования показывают, что освещение с точки зрения доступности оружия использовалось чаще всего и использование этого объяснения сильнее всего возросло со временем. Объяснение преступления наличием психического нарушения использовалось немного чаще, чем ссылкой на терроризм, но последнее сильнее увеличилось со временем. Реже всего преступления объяснялись мотивами развлечения. По результатам сравнительного анализа самыми значимыми предикторами при выборе точки зрения стали: арабское происхождение преступников (выбор точки зрения «терроризм»), мотивация на основе джихадизма («терроризм»), наличие психических нарушений («психическое нарушение»), стрельба в школе («доступность оружия», «психическое нарушение», «насилие для развлечения») и выбор государственных деятелей в качестве цели («доступность оружия»,«терроризм»). В статье обсуждаются искажения при подаче материалов в новостных СМИ и их последствия для средств массовой информации, широкой публики и научных исследований.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с формированием отношения к массовым расстрелам гражданского населения в средствах массовой информации.

Objective: to study the attitude of the US citizens towards mass shootings by studying the materials published in the news media.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.Results: The present study uses a media distortion analysis to examine the news media’s coverage of mass shootings in America between 2000 and 2016. The author analyzes for frames used in the coverage of these events in New York Times, namely, gun access, mental illness, violent entertainment, and terrorism. It is shown how these four frames are used to present the materials on the mass shootings, how they changed over time, how the mass shooting characteristics influence the choice of each of the four frames, and how news media may distort the conception of the phenomenon under study. Scientific novelty: findings illustrate gun access frames were the most commonly used of the four frames and increased the most over time. Mental illness frames were slightly more common than terrorism frames, although terrorism frames increased more over time. Violent entertainment frames were the least common overall. The most significant predictors of the four frames, across three comparative analyses, include Arab-descent perpetrators (terrorism), jihadist-inspired motivations (terrorism), mental illness (mental illness), school targets (gun access, mental illness, violent entertainment), and government targets (gun access, terrorism). A discussion of findings identifies news media distortions in mass shooting framing and provides implications for scholars, media outlets, and the public.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the forming of attitude to mass shootings in mass media.

массовые расстрелы гражданского населенияподача материалов в новостных СМИискажения в СМИдоступность оружияпсихические нарушениянасилие для развлечениятерроризмMass shootingsNews media framingNews media distortionsgun accessMental illnessesViolent entertainmentTerrorismReferencesSchildkraut J., Elsass H. J. Mass shootings: Media, myths, and realities, Praeger, 2016.Schildkraut J., Elsass H. J. Mass shootings: Media, myths, and realities, Praeger, 2016.Silva J. R., Capellan J. A. The media’s coverage of mass public shootings in America: Fifty years of newsworthiness, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2019. No. 43 (1), pp. 77-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01924036.2018.1437458Silva J. R., Capellan J. A. The media’s coverage of mass public shootings in America: Fifty years of newsworthiness, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2019. No. 43 (1), pp. 77-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01924036.2018.1437458Scheufele D. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.