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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/2782-2923.2021.3.603-627</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PXZPZB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATED ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цифровизация и эволюция денег как социальной технологии учета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digitization and the evolution of money as a social technology of account</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-1682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пенедер</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peneder</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">michael.peneder@wifo.ac.at</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Австрийский институт экономических исследований (WIFO)<country>Австрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO)<country>Austria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>603</fpage><lpage>627</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пенедер М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пенедер М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Peneder M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/90">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучение эволюции денег как социальной технологии учета в условиях цифровизации.Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений с использованием основанных на нем общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания.Результаты: на протяжении всей истории экономической мысли экономисты ставили на первый план такую функцию денег, как средство обмена, наряду с внутренне присущими деньгам свойствами, повышающими их ликвидность и надежность в качестве самого ликвидного средства сбережения. Но деньги как социальный институт эволюционируют вместе с развитием технологий. Важно, что появление цифровых криптовалют было инициировано специалистами в компьютерной области и застало экономистов врасплох. Как следствие, экономическая наука вынуждена переосмыслить базовую феноменологию денег. Согласно концепциям Визера и Шумпетера, цифровизация выдвигает на первый план нематериальную функцию денег как масштаба цен и социальной технологии учета, во многом включающей в себя функцию средства обмена. Это несет огромные возможности влияния на экономическую политику. Уже очевидно, что различные криптовалюты технически конкурентоспособны по отношению к частным валютам, предложенным Хайеком. Однако есть основания сомневаться в продолжении интенсивной конкуренции в долгосрочной перспективе. Есть опасения, что крупные цифровые платформы распространят свое влияние на различные виртуальные рынки с возможностью оплаты цифровыми деньгами. Центральные банки высказывают все б о льшую озабоченность сохранением суверенитета государства над общепринятым средством учета и рассматривают вопрос выпуска собственных цифровых фиатных денег. Когда закончится нынешний период бурного творческого экспериментирования, спонтанному появлению частных криптовалют, вероятно, придут на смену цифровые валюты центральных банков, разработка которых будет происходить под влиянием осознанных решений и политики государства.Научная новизна: в работе раскрываются теоретические положения австрийской школы об истинной феноменологии денег путем противопоставления каноническому объяснению Менгера «еретическим» и во многом забытым взглядам Визера и Шумпетера. В то же время в работе осуществлен краткий обзор самых ранних этапов возникновения денег и показано, что кредитный и другие связанные с ним виды учета стали важными двигателями развития финансов задолго до появления чеканных монет. Автор рассматривает две крупные инновации, связанные с цифровизацией денег: а) появление криптоденег и б) возможное появление цифровых валют центральных банков.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с регулированием денежно-кредитной политики государств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to research the evolution of money as a social technology of account under digitization.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena using the general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition.Results: Throughout the history of monetary thought, economists have predominantly emphasized the function of money as a medium of exchange along with the intrinsic properties that enhance its salability and credibility as the most liquid store of value. But the social institution of money co-evolves with technology. It is significant that the advent of digital crypto-currencies was initiated by computer scientists and has taken economists completely by surprise. As a consequence, it also forces us to rethink the basic phenomenology of money. In accordance with the views of Wieser and Schumpeter, digitization brings to the fore the immaterial function of money as a standard of value and social technology of account, which increasingly absorbs its function as a medium of exchange. The potential impact of this on economic policy is huge. The variety of different crypto coins has proven the technical feasibility of competing private currencies as proposed by Hayek. In the long term, however, there is reason to doubt the persistence of intense competition. One must fear that major digital platforms will extend their current dominance in multisided virtual market places to include digital payments and money. Central banks are increasingly anxious to preserve public sovereignty over the common unit of account and are considering issuing their own digital fiat money. After the current era of intense creative experimentation, the potentially new spontaneous order of private crypto-currencies is likely to be supplanted by central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), the design of which will depend on deliberate public choices and policies. Scientific novelty: the work discloses the provisions of the Austrian theoretical discourse on the proper phenomenology of money, contrasting Menger’s canonical explanation with the ‘heretical’ and largely forgotten views of Wieser and Schumpeter. Also, the work offers a brief look back at the early origins of money and shows that credit and related accounts became important drivers of financial development long before coins were minted. The author examines two major innovations of the current digitization of money: a) the emergence of crypto coins, and b) the probable emergence of central bank digital currencies.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to regulation of monetary-credit policy of the states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>эволюция денег</kwd><kwd>конкуренция валют</kwd><kwd>Главная книга</kwd><kwd>криптомонеты</kwd><kwd>цифровые валюты центральных банков (ЦВЦБ)</kwd><kwd>австрийская школа экономики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Digitization</kwd><kwd>Evolution of money</kwd><kwd>Currency competition</kwd><kwd>General ledger</kwd><kwd>Crypto coins</kwd><kwd>Central bank digitial currency (CBDC)</kwd><kwd>Austrian economics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schumpeter J. 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