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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusjel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Journal of Economics and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Economics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-2923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"TCE "Taglimat"" Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.3.1301-1314</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JTPWUN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusjel-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Институциональные рыночные реформы в России и Китае через призму «двойного движения» Карла Поланьи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Institutional market reforms in Russia and China through the lenses of Polanyi’s double movement</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-8308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирдина-Чэндлер</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirdina-Chandler</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kirdina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>1301</fpage><lpage>1314</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирдина-Чэндлер С.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирдина-Чэндлер С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirdina-Chandler S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/93">https://www.rusjel.ru/jour/article/view/93</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: на основе анализа современного этапа экономических реформ в России и Китае выявление специфики «общественного ответа» на углубление рыночного характера экономики в этих государствах по сравнению с реакцией на усиление «рыночного фундаментализма» в западных странах.Методы: методология опирается на концепцию «двойного движения», разработанную в трудах Карла Поланьи, и на категориальный аппарат авторской теории институциональных X-Y-матриц.Результаты: показано, что с 1980-х гг. в большинстве стран мира происходил процесс либерализации национальных экономик, сопровождавшийся активным внедрением рыночных институтов в различные сферы общественной жизни. В России и Китае этот процесс известен как постсоциалистические рыночные реформы. Однако после глобального финансово-экономического кризиса 2007-2008 гг., в очередной раз показавшего неустойчивость рыночной экономики и непрекращающийся рост социального неравенства, повсеместно наблюдаются попытки усиления общественного контроля за действием стихийных рыночных сил. Аналогичный процесс происходил в 1930-х гг. в странах Европы и США после Великой депрессии, и Карл Поланьи назвал его тогда «двойным движением», или «контрдвижением». Оно представляет собой ответ общества на экспансию рынка, социальное противодействие, «направленное на защиту человеческого бытия и природы». «Двойное движение» имеет как свои положительные перспективы, так и риски. Главными рисками «двойного движения» Поланьи считал распространение в обществах популистских идеологий, вплоть до фашизма, и связанную с этим угрозу социальной нестабильности. Дополнение подхода Поланьи категориальным аппаратом теории институциональных Х-Y-матриц позволило выявить специфику «двойного движения» в России и Китае по сравнению с капиталистическими странами Запада. Показано, что в России и Китае степень государственного участия в экономике и социального контроля над рынком, по сравнению с западными странами, является существенно более высокой, что делает экономическое развитие этих двух стран более стабильным и предсказуемым в условиях продолжающейся «эры неопределенности». Также для этих стран определены специфические риски «двойного движения», связанные с чрезмерным усилением унитарного начала в политической системе и «передозировкой» коллективистских представлений в ущерб развитию личностных ценностей.Научная новизна: состоит в выявлении особенностей «общественного ответа» на чрезмерное внедрение институтов рыночной экономики в странах с доминированием институциональных Х- и Y-матриц.Практическая значимость: полученные результаты могут быть использованы в качестве теоретического и иллюстративного материала в курсах по институциональной экономике и экономической социологии, а также для экспертизы последствий институционального дизайна различных вариантов национальной экономической политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To compare the specifics of the “public protection responses” to the deepening of marketisation in Russia andChina and to the strengthening of “market fundamentalism” in Western countries.Methods: The methodology is based on the concept of “double movement”, developed in the works of Karl Polanyi, and on the categorical apparatus of the author’s theory of institutional X - and Y -matrices.Results: It is shown that since the 1980s, in most countries of the world, a process of liberalisation of national economies has been taking place, including the active introduction of market institutions in various spheres of social life. In Russia and China, this process is known as post-socialist “market reforms”. However, after the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-2008, which showed once again the instability of the market economy and the continuous growth of social inequality, there have been widespread and continuing attempts to strengthen public control over spontaneous market forces. A similar process took place in the 1930s in Europe and the United States after the Great Depression, and Karl Polanyi then called it a “double movement” or “countermovement”. He described it as a public response to the expansion of the market, “aimed at protecting human life and nature”. The “double movement” has both its positive perspectives and risks. The main risks as Polanyi noticed were the spread of populist ideologies in societies, including fascism, and the associated threat of social instability. The consideration of the Polanyian approach with the categorical apparatus of the theory of institutional X - Y -matrices revealed the specificity of the “double movement” in Russia and China compared to the capitalist countries of the West. It is shown that in Russia and China, the scale of state participation in the economy and social control over the market, compared with Western countries, is significantly higher, which makes the economic development of these two countries more stable and predictable in the context of the continuing “era of uncertainty.” The specific risks of “double movement” for these countries were also identified associated with excessive strengthening of the unitary principle in the political system and an “overdose” of collectivist ideas to the detriment of personal aspirations and values.Scientific novelty: Identification of the specific features of the “public response” to excessive marketisation in countries where either X - or Y -institutional matrices dominate.Practical significance: The results obtained can be used as theoretical and illustrative material in courses on institutional economics and economic sociology, as well as for examining the implications of various and differing institutional designs of national economic policies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономика и управление народным хозяйством</kwd><kwd>Карл Поланьи</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>институциональный дизайн</kwd><kwd>рыночные реформы</kwd><kwd>теория институциональных X-Y-матриц</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>«двойное движение»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shlychkov V. 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