Mechanisms of funding projects in the field of waste management

Objective: to identify and analyze the economic effectiveness of the main financial tools and financing mechanisms in the field of waste management in Russia.
Methods: economic and statistical analysis, systematic approach, generalization, comparison, synthesis of data from Rosstat and reports of development institutes.
Results: the search for effective financing solutions for waste management is becoming strategically important in the face of economic challenges and growing budgetary pressures. The key success factor is the harmonization of the interests of the state and business in mobilizing internal resources. The study analyzes the methods and mechanisms of financing projects in the field of waste management. The environmental agenda attracts great attention, which is proved by an increase in waste management costs and investments in fixed assets. The increase in subsidies in this area, as well as the growth of the ESG bond market, show the need to modernize the waste management sector and create appropriate infrastructure. The authors revealed the high efficiency of the reviewed projects, which is confirmed by the positive net present value, stable annual revenues and profitability of waste recycling. The study also notes the environmental, economic, and social effectiveness of the projects (reducing СО₂ emissions, creating jobs, and replenishing budgets). The article identifies effective methods of attracting private investment: preferential loans, green bond issuance, project financing mechanisms, providing access to long-term capital and successful project implementation.
Scientific novelty: the authors propose to supplement the tools for implementing investment projects with modern and relevant financial instruments. They developed and presented a model of the financial and credit mechanism for financing waste management enterprises, which reflects key aspects of the market participants’ interaction and relevant financing methods, including those proposed by the authors. They also propose to supplement the toolkit with consolidated subsidies and pension reserves for green bonds, taking into account risks (sanctions, liquidity). Another proposal is to direct investments to targeted support of startups implementing innovative approaches and scientific developments.
Practical significance: the research results can be used to optimize strategies, develop effective financing mechanisms, and implement rational tools for project implementation.

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