Медиация в уголовных мисдиминорах

Цель: заполнение пробела в изучении краткосрочного и долгосрочного влияния медиации в местных сообществах на уголовные мисдиминоры в контексте потенциально продолжающихся взаимоотношений.

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений с использованием основанных на нем общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания, включая телефонные опросы и изучение материалов дел.

Результаты: переквалификация уголовных мисдиминоров на медиацию окружными прокурорами практикуется с 1970-х гг., однако влияние медиации на такие ключевые результаты этой процедуры, как рецидивизм, изучалось лишь в немногочисленных, уже устаревших работах. В настоящем квазиэкспериментальном исследовании проводится сравнение 78 дел с использованием медиации и 128 дел без использования медиации в двух близких по расположению и характеристикам округах. Было рассмотрено, отличается ли в течение последующего года уровень рецидивизма в делах с использованием медиации и с использованием обычной судебной процедуры. В исследовании учитывались характеристики дел и отношение к конфликту. В результате показано, что для дел без использования медиации в пять раз повышается вероятность судебного процесса, также в пять раз повышается вероятность требования суда присяжных, в десять раз повышается вероятность назначения испытательного срока под надзором или тюремного срока, тогда как в делах с использованием медиации почти в пять раз понижается вероятность участия в новом уголовном деле в течение последующего года.

Научная новизна: предварительный анализ показал наличие следующих характеристик дел в группе, где проводилась медиация, и в группе сравнения: ответчики не были ранее осуждены за тяжкие преступления, не имели множественных исков за мисдиминоры, на них не были выписаны действующие ордеры на арест. Как правило, на медиацию не направляют дела, в которых фигурируют любые виды оружия, наркотики, а также нападения выше второй степени. 

Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с медиацией в уголовных мисдиминорах.

Впервые статья опубликована на английском языке в журнале Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. По вопросам коммерческого использования обратитесь в редакцию журнала Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society (CCJLS) и The Western Society of Criminology: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.

Цитирование оригинала статьи на английском: Charkoudian, L., Walter, J., Harmon-Darrow, C., Bernstein, J. (2021). Mediation in Criminal Misdemeanor Cases. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 22 (3), 14–29.

URL публикации: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/30144-mediation-in-criminal-misdemeanor-cases

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