Определение и измерение уровня страха преступности: разработка новой обоснованной шкалы на основе теории эмоций, качественных интервью и факторного анализа

Цель: разработка новой обоснованной шкалы измерения уровня страха преступности на основе теории эмоций, качественных интервью и факторного анализа.

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений с использованием основанных на нем общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания.

Результаты: определение и измерение уровня страха преступности давно является предметом научных споров. Единого определения этому феномену не выработано, что ведет к невозможности его обоснованных измерений. Цель нашего исследования – разработать новую шкалу страха преступности на основе теории эмоций и строгой методологии. Разработка шкалы включала пять основных этапов: проведение углубленных интервью для получения описаний чувства страха перед преступностью, количественный анализ для формулирования вопросов анкеты, предварительное тестирование, факторный анализ, психометрическая валидация. Качественные интервью (N = 29) показали, что понятия «страх» (fear), «беспокойство» (worry) и «озабоченность» (concern) используются как взаимозаменяемые. В результате качественного анализа был накоплен первоначальный банк вопросов; факторный анализ позволил остановиться на однофакторной шкале из 10 вопросов. Количественный анализ (N = 665) выявил, что нормализованные факторные нагрузки находятся между 0,715 и 0,888, внутренняя согласованность составляет a = 0,945, конвергентная и дивергентная валидность присутствуют. Новый инструмент измерения позволит достичь большей точности при изучении страха перед преступностью.

Научная новизна: в данной работе изучение страха преступности впервые опирается на теорию конструируемых эмоций. В соответствии с ней в исследовании использовался широкий спектр описаний страха преступности, предоставленных респондентами. Многие интервьюируемые не делали различий между понятиями «страх»,  «беспокойство», «озабоченность» и другими обозначениями эмоций, что иллюстрирует концепцию дробности эмоций. Использование слов «страх» и «озабоченность» как взаимозаменяемых свидетельствует о том, что и переживание этих эмоций неразличимо в данном контексте. Согласно теории конструируемых эмоций, эмоции субъективны и зависят от актуального контекста, от прошлых переживаний человека, а также от его понимания и использования слов, обозначающих эмоции. По данным качественных интервью, страх преступности включает в себя множество чувств, таких как озабоченность, неприятный аффект, беспокойство, тревожность, паранойя, паника. На основе этих результатов будущие исследования могут углубить теоретические положения в области страха преступности.

 Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с уровнем страха преступности.

Впервые статья опубликована на английском языке в журнале Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society
of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. По вопросам коммерческого использования обратитесь в редакцию журнала Criminology,
Criminal Justice, Law & Society (CCJLS) и The Western Society of Criminology: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.

Цитирование оригинала статьи на английском: Etopio, Au. L., Berthelot, E. R. (2022). Defining and Measuring Fear of Crime:
A New Validated Scale Created from Emotion Theory, Qualitative Interviews, and Factor Analyses. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law
& Society, 23 (1), 46–67.

URL публикации: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/34104-defining-and-measuring-fear-of-crime-a-new-validated-scale-createdfrom-emotion-theory-qualitative-interviews-and-factor-analyses

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