Как тайное становится явным: выявление коррупции в государственной сфере

Цель: анализ современного состояния коррупции в государственной сфере в Соединенных Штатах Америки. Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой и социологический. Результаты: последние 30 лет в США растет число случаев коррупции в государственной сфере. Некоторые из них - однократные акции, например получение взятки за контракт; другие носят долгосрочный и систематический характер, как «Дело о продаже детей», в котором фигурировали судьи из штата Пенсильвания. В данной работе проведены беседы с 73 респондентами: бывшими следователями, прокурорами, членами сообщества, а также лицами, непосредственно участвовавшими в коррупционной деятельности. В сочетании с анализом судебных документов это позволило определить, как случаи коррупции становились известны правоохранительным органам. Информация о коррупционных действиях поступает в правоохранительные органы несколькими путями: от граждан, непосредственно столкнувшихся с коррупцией; в ходе расследований по иным делам; из анонимных источников; в ходе регулярно проводимых проверок. Эмпирические примеры, взятые из бесед и судебных дел, показывают, как правоохранительные органы выявляют коррупционные действия. В отличие от случаев мошенничества в деловой сфере, в коррупционных делах сообщения граждан играют меньшую роль по сравнению с сообщениями информаторов и других криминальных элементов. Научная новизна: в исследовании впервые проанализировано современное состояние коррупции в государственной сфере в Соединенных Штатах Америки, выявлены и определены типичные механизмы выявления коррупционных деяний.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при выявлении, пресечении и предупреждении правонарушений в сфере противодействия коррупции.

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