Legal and economic risks of digital ecosystems of universities: system analysis and management

Objective: to systematically analyze the complex of legal and economic risks arising in the formation and functioning of digital ecosystems of universities, and to develop a risk management model based on this analysis.

Methods: the research uses the methodology of system analysis and synthesis and such methods as comparative legal and economic analysis, conceptual modeling, as well as content analysis of the scientific literature (more than 40 sources).

Results: the author identified and classified a system of interrelated risks, structured at three levels: 1) micro-level (intra-ecosystem): cybersecurity risks, violations of intellectual property and personal data rights, corruption risks in the procurement of IT solutions; 2) meso-level (ecosystem): risks of ineffective management (project, communication, cultural), legal uncertainty in regulating digital platforms and services; and 3) macro-level (external): risks related to the geopolitical situation (sanctions, restrictions on access to technology and R&D) and global challenges (digital inequality, AI ethics). Based on the identified system, an integrative three-contour management model was developed, including: 1) preventive contour (legal compliance and regulatory framework); 2) operational contour (project management and monitoring tools); and 3) strategic contour (forming a “digital ecosystem of trust”, developing culture and ethics).

Scientific novelty: for the first time, a university’s digital ecosystem is studied as an integral sociotechnical object with the properties of a complex system, in terms of comprehensive identification and management of cross-disciplinary risks at the intersection of economics, law and criminology. The author proposes integrating the concept of a “digital ecosystem of trust” with the apparatus of systemic economic theory and project management.

Practical significance: the conclusions and proposals can be used in university management to implement the digital transformation principles, create risk management and compliance systems, and in legislation to form a balanced legal framework that stimulates innovation in higher education while ensuring the safety and rights of subjects.

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