Objective: to identify the main trends in the studies of the PRC demographic problems by Chinese researchers; to determine the main directions of developments within the concept of demographic dividend in terms of their main problems and prospects for further adjustments in accordance with the ever-changing state demographic policy and the goals of sustainable development.

   Methods: qualitative methods (comparative analysis, generalization) of a systematic review of empirical studies.

   Results: the main trends and directions of modern Chinese demographic research are highlighted, one of which is the study of demographic processes as an important factor in the development of further trajectory of the PRC sustainable development. It is concluded that Chinese authors often write about the aging population as a competitive advantage of China. They explain
that with a competent economic and demographic policy, the “silver generation” will become an active participant in the economic and production activities of the country, making a noticeable contribution to GDP. We also analyze alternative approaches to the concept of demographic dividend, in which the main factor of China’s economic growth is determined not
as the quantity but as the quality of labor force.

   Scientific novelty: the article systematizes the works by Chinese researchers in the context of the demographic dividend and identifies their main problems and focuses.

   Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities in the study of economic and demographic policy of China. The research results can also be studied to clarify the demographic policy of the Russian Federation.

   Objective: to compare the ideologies of liberalism and socialism in economic science in the context of the current stage of their evolution. For this purpose, the paper identifies the goals of these ideologies by analyzing the scientific narratives of economists. The study is also aimed at identifying similarities and differences between the ideologies of liberalism and
socialism.

   Methods: qualitative methods, narrative analysis, review of scientific literature.

   Results: the comparison of common interpretations of the “ideology” concept in various branches of economics and in other social sciences shows differences in terminology. The comparison of the liberalism and socialism ideologies in economics shows the difference between the declared goals of liberals and socialists. The goal of liberalism ideology is human freedom,
and of socialism ideology – distribution equality. The ideologies considered are internally heterogeneous and have evolved over time. At present, liberalism is continued in neoliberalism, which aims at increasing the population wealth rather than freedom as an end in itself. There are non-egalitarian interpretations of the essence of socialism, which reduce it to the economy governmentalization. There are also debates about the advantages of the market over centralized planning in socialism. The extremes of the ideologies of liberalism and socialism can be clearly distinguished, but in practice, many studies take an intermediate position. A common feature of liberalism and socialism is their modernist character and criticism of archaic economic institutions designed to redistribute wealth from the poor to the rich.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in identifying the economic goals proclaimed by the ideologies of liberalism and socialism, based on the analysis of the relevant theoretical narratives in scientific literature.

   Practical significance: it is determined by the need to understand the factors influencing the economists’ worldview. Studying the ideologies of liberalism and socialism is useful for understanding the intent of the authors of recommendations for improving the institutions of the modern Russian economic order.

   Objective: to develop conceptual provisions of human-centered economy by forming a new approach to the study of the creatosphere as a constituent element of the said economic system in order to develop its management.

   Methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, scheme of contradiction, linear scaling method, minimax normalization.

   Results: the characteristic of the creatosphere of the human-centered economy is revealed from the viewpoint of satisfying the individual’s needs in creativity; the creatosphere structure is analyzed as an element covering all spheres of the economic system under consideration; the model of homeostasis of the human-centered economy is developed through identifying its elements-opposites (on the one hand – natural and material spheres, services, social sphere, infosphere, digital and cognitive spheres, on the other hand – creatosphere), as well as the model of the basic resource (flow of ideas) and regulator (human needs); the predetermining role of the creatosphere in the development of the said economic system is outlined; the contradictions are revealed at the level of human-centered economy, the resolution of which contributes to the development of an individual and the economic system as a whole.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in the development of a methodology for assessing the creatosphere and testing it on the Russian subjects. Unlike those available in the literature, the methodology allows comprehensively assessing the creatosphere development as an element that affects the human-centered economy as a whole. The novelty consists also in defining a vector in the creatosphere management based on the formed approach to its research through the upscaling of best regional practices.

   Practical significance: the results of comprehension of the human-centered economy creatosphere through the scheme of contradictions may serve as a basis for further research in order to build a scientifically sound theory of the said economic system and to form directions for resolving the identified contradictions. The study results are the basis to further define the development level of the Russian human-centered economy in order to develop measures for its effective management.

   Objective: to identify the key benefits and potential risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence in ERP systems to improve decision-making processes, management efficiency and operational performance of various sectors, including commercial and non-profit organizations.

   Methods: systematic literature review, empirical data analysis, analytical and experimental research methods.

   Results: the key directions of artificial intelligence implementation in ERP-systems are reflected, providing improvement of operational efficiency, customer relations, as well as optimization of business processes, data management, supply chain and personnel management, automation of operations related to finance, optimization of customer relations; implementation of artificial intelligence in ERP-systems reduces inventory management costs, improves the accuracy of forecasting and
inventory optimization, accelerates financial analysis and increases the accuracy of budgeting, resulting in reduced budget planning time; it also increases productivity by optimizing necessary production processes and reducing equipment downtime. However, there are also risks of confidential data leakage, unauthorized access to data; job losses due to automation of tasks; and vulnerability to cyberattacks.

   Scientific novelty: the little-studied directions of artificial intelligence integration in ERP-systems are analyzed; an integrative approach to the application of artificial intelligence in ERP-systems is proposed, which combines methods of machine learning, natural language processing and predictive analytics and provides a comprehensive assessment of the complex impact on the business processes’ efficiency.

   Practical significance: the formulated directions for solving the identified problems of artificial intelligence integration in ERP-systems can be implemented in practice, as they will enable to better take into account local requirements and laws.

   Objective: to provide a comparative assessment of the use of artificial intelligence technologies by organizations in the context of Russian regions and to identify determinants of their dynamics.

   Methods: descriptive statistics, histogram, grouping, principal component method, panel data models.

   Results: an absolute trend of recent years is to study and implement artificial intelligence technologies in many economic, industrial processes and social life. The article analyzes the trends in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the Russian regions. The comparative analysis of regions by the level and growth rate of artificial intelligence technologies
use by organizations showed that the regions were heterogenous by the dynamics of this indicator in 2020-2022. The regions were divided into four groups: above average and below average level in Russia. Econometric modeling based on the method of principal components gave grounds to unite the determinants of the use of artificial intelligence technologies into four components. Panel data fixed-effects models showed a significant impact of the component, characterizing the state of human capital, the level of economic development, and innovation activity of organizations in the region.

   Scientific novelty: for the first time an attempt was made to provide a comparative analysis of Russian regions by the level of artificial intelligence technologies use by organizations and to find the determinants of its change.

   Practical significance: the heterogeneity of regions in terms of the artificial intelligence technologies use by organizations was substantiated, as well as a great impact of the specific characteristics of regions, which should be taken into account when building a national policy of artificial intelligence development.

   Objective: to assess the relationship between the basic monetary instrument of state support for industry – subsidies – and basic macro-indicators of its effectiveness in the context of economic sovereignty.

   Methods: content analysis of publications, statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators, econometric analysis on a wide sample of countries.

   Results: 1) the analysis of mentioning the category “subsidies” in Russian, English and Chinese printed publications confirmed the high interest to subsidies in China; 2) the analysis of correlation between the level of subsidies and the basic macro-indicators by countries on IMF data showed statistically significant correlations of the level of subsidies with the level of current account balance (low correlation) and GDP per capita (moderate correlation); 3) the evaluation showed no significant relationship between the level of subsidies and GDP per capita. According to the study results, conclusions were drawn about the absence of dependence between the level of transfers provided and the decrease of dependence on import.

   Scientific novelty: the hypothesis was checked that the level of subsidies in the state has a statistically significant impact on the country’s current account balance. The model is based on earlier studies with the added analysis of the role of subsidies in reaching the economic development goals. The novelty of this study consists in the absence of a significant relationship between the level of subsidies and the current account balance.

   Practical significance: the study results can be useful to specialists in the field of industrial policy. They provide a basis for a fuller understanding of the tools to ensure technological sovereignty. Modifications of the regression model can be used in further studies of the factors of the current account balance.

   Objective: to systematize and develop ideas about the improvement of the Russian state policy to promote youth employment.

   Methods: the work is based on the analysis of literature and normative-legal documents using general scientific methods of cognition.

   Results: the paper reveals the legal bases for the activities of Russian authorities in the field of promoting youth employment and developing labor market. It is shown that, despite the variety of measures, young people still face serious barriers to successful career starting and stable employment in general. The analysis summarizes the priority areas of action to overcome the most pressing problems, including: loose regulation of the status of a young specialist; limited statistics; low awareness of young people about the situation on the labor market; mismatch between the personnel produced and the current needs of the economy, etc. The conclusion emphasizes the importance to summarizing the accumulated experience and practical application of the most beneficial solutions, taking into account the specifics of the Russian labor market.

   Scientific novelty: the conducted research contributes to the development of theoretical and practical issues of promoting youth employment, including the deepening of ideas about the main barriers to stable employment and measures to overcome them.

   Practical significance: the study results can be used, first of all, in the practice of public administration at any level to improve the policy to promote youth employment.

   Objective: to study the evolution of the industrial policy of the Union State of Russia and Belarus from 1999 to 2024.

   Methods: analysis of strategic documents, statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators and study of regional aspects of economic integration. We studied the statistics of joint ventures with Belarusian capital in Russia and with Russian capital in Belarus, which indicates the changing economic conditions in the Union State.

   Results: the industrial policy of the Union State is systematically developing and is aimed at deepening the economic integration of the two countries. It relies on the implementation of strategic agreements, planning and financing of joint scientific and technical programs. The study shows that despite the existence of strategic agreements, such as the 1999 Agreement on a Common Structural Industrial Policy and the 2023 Agreement on a Common Industrial Policy, a significantpart of the planned activities and projects has remained only partially implemented. The article elaborates on the key changes in the content of industrial policy, including increased emphasis on integration projects, import substitution and development of new types of competitive products. The study of the statistics of joint ventures with Belarusian capital in Russia and with Russian capital in Belarus points to changing economic conditions in the Union State. Since 2017, the number of joint ventures has been decreasing, which can be a consequence of both the reduction of barriers in international trade and economy and the decreased interest of enterprises in bilateral relations. The industrial policy of the Union State is currently aimed at overcoming dependence on the supply of foreign equipment and components, creating a common economic and scientific-technical space, financing and developing scientific-industrial cooperation based on union programs and projects.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in analyzing the evolution of the common industrial policy of the Union State for more than two decades. For the first time such a detailed analysis covered the whole period from the signing of the initial agreement in 1999 to the last intergovernmental agreement in 2023. This allows getting a holistic view of the development of approaches
and transformation of the Union State industrial policy.

   Practical significance: for the first time, the study provides an insight into the dynamics of economic integration of the Russian and Belarus regions within the Union State through the statistics of joint Russian-Belarusian enterprises in the regions. This can be useful for researchers, business community and authorities to understand the processes of industrial policy impact on the real sector of the economy.

   Objective: to develop and test the method of estimating a tourism potential of regions, the method of comparing them with public ratings of regions; to diagnose problem areas of management when forming the regional market of tourist services and justify recommendations for its development.

   Methods: general scientific and general logical methods, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization; statistical and correlation analysis.

   Results: the paper presents the author’s method of constructing summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential, integrating official statistical indicators. Due to the introduction of dimensionless relative values, the difficulties of accounting for different-sized indicators were resolved. The obtained estimates were used to form an objective idea of the strength of the regions’ tourism potential, to compare them, to assess the opportunities and determine the prospects for tourism development in the region. Since one of the obstacles in solving this task is low public ratings, it is important to be able to compare them with objective assessments. For this purpose, we have developed and tested a method of comparing the summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential with their ratings, in particular, with the values of the National Tourism Rating – 2022. As a result, by the example of Orel region, the disproportions were revealed that indicate the inefficient use of the region’s tourism potential. Based on the analysis of the regional strategies implementation, programs and practices of tourism organization and problem areas of management, recommendations are formulated, the implementation of which guarantees the economic development of the region and tourism sphere.

   Scientific novelty: the method of constructing summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential is developed; the method of comparing the summary estimates of tourism potential with public ratings of regions is proposed and tested. The disproportions in assessments and ratings are substantiated quantitatively. The problem areas of management in the formation of the regional tourist services market are diagnosed; recommendations for its development are given.

   Practical significance: the study results can be used by business entities and authorities to formulate strategies and programs of regional development; the presented method of comparing the tourism potential and ratings of regions can be used in scientific, pedagogical and research activities.

   Objective: to develop scientifically substantiated provisions on the insignificance of a deed provided for by the criminal law and to propose measures to improve legislation and law enforcement in this area.

   Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in development and functioning, which contributed to the use of the following research methods: a) general scientific (logical, systemic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), b) special (documentary, practical, comparative-legal, formal-legal).

   Results: the work substantiates the conclusion that the recognition by an inquirer, investigator, prosecutor, judge of the insignificance of a deed provided for by the criminal law should be based on the following information: about the occurrence of all elements and signs of corpus delicti in the deed; about the infliction of small (minor) harm to law-protected interests in conjunction with the intent of the perpetrator aimed at causing such, including the lack of desire to cause harm, which excludes the existence of a reasonable amount of criminal-law harm. It is proposed to supplement Part 1 of Article 24 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code with a new ground for refusal to initiate criminal proceedings (termination of criminal proceedings), namely, the insignificance of the deed, and to consider it as a circumstance excluding criminal prosecution of a suspect (accused).

   Scientific novelty: the following means to distinguish a minor act from a crime were substantiated: a) the introduction of the “reasonable amount of criminal-legal harm” category in the investigative and judicial practice, b) the need for law enforcement to establish objective and subjective conditions of minor significance of the deed, c) the proposal on modernizing the criminal-procedural legislation.

   Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions stated in the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical, law-making, investigative and judicial activity when considering the issues of application and improvement of the norm on the insignificance of a deed provided for by the criminal law, on the delimitation of such deed from a crime.

   Objective: to analyze the impact of the victim’s input in the parole process according to the US legislation.

   Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.

   Results: Little is understood about the parole release process, as state parole boards predominately operate with incredible discretion and keep their deliberations and rationales hidden from public view. Even less is understood about the intersection of the inscrutable parole release decision-making process and victim rights. As the victim rights movement mobilized in the
1970s, victims, instead of remaining passive witnesses, came to wield significant influence over the release decision process. Today, victim participation in parole proceedings is increasing as most parole boards proclaim how important victims’ voices are and, in turn, actively incorporate victim input into their release calculus. Yet, it is not entirely clear what role, if any, victims should have in the release process because it is not entirely clear what purposes parole release should serve more generally. Rather than resolving these pressing questions that are at the heart of the release decision, the current system gives individual parole board members a great degree of discretion when it comes to how they approach victim input and the role it should serve. This approach has resulted in a release process that treats victim input in a troubling and inconsistent manner, which is unfair to inmates, victims, and parole board members alike.

   Scientific novelty: To make sense of this situation, this paper identifies four analytical frameworks for understanding discretionary parole release, which reveal board members’ options for approaching victim input. Ultimately, the author proposes that parole boards should approach the release decision as an evaluation of both the inmate’s rehabilitation and the extent to which sentencing’s retributive and deterrent goals have been met. In this vein, victim input should only influence the release decision if it provides information, not emotion, that the inmate is not rehabilitated or that the judge's minimum
sentence did not accurately reflect the impact of the crime and that retribution or deterrence has not been met. In recognition of the implications of such an approach, the article proposes procedural changes to the release decision and structural changes to parole boards. These recommended reforms are animated by principles of equity, transparency, and procedural justice. Applying this approach to victim input in the parole process and implementing the corresponding procedural changes can hopefully create a system that is fairer for inmates, minimizes risks of secondary harms to victims, and protects board members from improper external pressures.

   Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to parole release process.

   Objective: to develop proposals for the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal education.

   Methods: dialectical methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, comparison, classification, forecasting), statistical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. Used in combination, these methods allow comprehensive analysis of the relationship between AI and legal education.

   Results: the article reveals the main directions to improve legal education in the conditions of AI development: integration of information and communication technologies and training of specialists able to work effectively at the intersection of law and technology. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI in legal education are identified. Ethical aspects of AI application are outlined, as well as the need to manage the development of technologies based on the principles of fairness, transparency and consideration of human interests. The author states the importance of developing not only specialized knowledge, but also universal competencies that will help students to adapt successfully to the dynamically changing conditions of professional activity.

   Scientific novelty: a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between legal education and AI was carried out, including the identification of specific opportunities for the AI application in legal education, as well as related risks and problems. The author proposes a systematic approach to improving legal education in the context of AI development, focusing on the
need to revise educational programs in legal areas in terms of integrating information and communication technologies; developing universal competencies in students to adapt to a dynamically changing professional environment; introducing mandatory advanced training for judges, legal practitioners to develop skills for using AI systems.

   Practical significance: the study results can be used to optimize and adapt the educational programs of law schools to the digital era requirements and to develop effective approaches to the AI application in legal practice and education, taking into account ethical aspects and potential risks.

   Objective: to form a holistic view of the unconditional basic income as a tool of social protection, taking into account the changes in the labor sphere and allowing to solve a number of growing problems associated with the consequences of the economy digitalization, as well as to assess the prospects of creating legal regulation on this issue.

   Methods: the study was conducted using both general and specific scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method, systemic and comparative approaches, methods of legal forecasting and legal modeling.

   Results: unconditional basic income can become one of the elements of a new model of social security based on the unstable nature of labor relations, which begins to prevail over the model of sustainable employment traditional for industrial society. If established, this institution will be cross-sectoral within the labor law and social security law, providing social protection simultaneously to all members of society, most of whom in the near future will face an increased risk of being absorbed by technological unemployment. Unconditional basic income as an element of the social protection system will have to comply with the principle of the universal nature of protection based on social solidarity, on the one hand, and to take into account the need to balance the interests of the parties, on the other hand. As experimental models of basic income, which can be put into practice in the coming years, we can name the model of basic income as a measure of social support for persons involved in atypical forms of employment. This model will affect a number of existing provisions of labor legislation and will allow over time, in case of technological unemployment, to expand the circle of unconditional basic income recipients to all people.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in the fact that the unconditional basic income is analyzed from the viewpoint of its compliance with the fundamental principles of labor, employment, and social security.

   Practical significance: it consists in revealing the significance of basic income for the implementation of social policy and in forming recommendations for modeling experiments to introduce the unconditional basic income in the Russian Federation.