ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENT
THEORY AND HISTORY OF LAW AND STATE
Objective: to comprehensively study the borrowings of law as a means of improving the national legal system. Great attention is paid to the classification of legal borrowings and the specifics of these processes in modern Russia.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is the synthesis of classical and post-classical ideological paradigms, which determined the choice of specific research methods: formal-legal, comparative, method of legal modeling, hermeneutic, discursive.Results: the article studies the legal category of “borrowings of law”. Based on the study of content, focus and methods of law borrowings, their classification (reception of law, legal dialogue, legal acculturation, legal transfer, legal expansion) is proposed. The author’s interpretation of these concepts and their role in improving the national legal system is given. Special attention is paid to the nature and significance of law borrowings in Russia. The conclusion is made that the effective legal system development is possible only under the combination of legal borrowings and national legal values. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article analyzes the essence and content of law borrowings from post-classical viewpoint, their classification is given, defines their role in the legal development of modern Russia.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and educational activities when considering the essence and content of legal development.
CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
TRANSLATED ARTICLES
RATINGS AND REVIEWS
DISCUSSIONS
Objective: to analyze the effects of the post-perestroika period of the 1990s on the existing national innovation system ofRussia and to assess it the present stage of development.Methods: the study used traditional methods of analysis, synthesis, description, analogy, systematization, and historical approach, and institutional analysis based on the categorical apparatus of institutional matrices theory.Results: the article is an attempt to understand the problems of the modern national innovation system through the prism of the 1990s, which became the cause of its imperfections. It is emphasized that the systemic problems of the economy in that period made innovative development impossible, which led to the loss of intellectual capital of the country. The abrupt transition from a planned to a market economy without a smooth adjustment, accompanied by the reduction in public spending on research, led to the paralysis of innovation in the real sector of the economy, and reduction of high-tech industries. The negative influence was also produced by privatization, destruction of production chains due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, as well as domestic structural adjustment of the post-Soviet economies. In this regard, the authors investigated the peculiarities of the Russian innovation system from the standpoint of institutional approach, including the problems of staff and investment resources deficit, and the historical dominance of the state in the organization of scientific research. Activity of the state is studied on the basis of the Russian venture capital analysis. The conclusions are formulated about the centralization of the institutional structure of scientific research and development. The possible directions of the national innovation system improvement with a view to achieve more effective results are specified.Scientific novelty: the diagnostics of the problems of modern national innovation system is made in the context of institutional transformation of the Russian economy in the post-perestroika period. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific and teaching activities in terms of the issues concerning the essence and principles of the national innovation system formation, as well as by specialists of state structures for elaborating the strategies of innovative development of the country.