Objective: to show the ontological potential of interdisciplinarity and paradigmatic pluralism in economic research by the example of the Chinese-specific socialism model and its description in Western socio-political discourse.

Methods: qualitative methods (discourse analysis, comparative analysis, generalization).

Results: the work shows the features of the discourse in modern economic theory regarding the problems of intra- and interdisciplinary synthesis. The economic mainstream, claiming the accuracy of its method of creating scientific knowledge, can and does become the basis of political knowledge and ideological judgments. Describing certain aspects of reality, the mainstream normalizes them, and sometimes elevates them to the rank of a rule. Based on the analysis of the Chinese model of economic reforms, the article shows that in Western socio-political and scientific discourses regarding this model, both at the stage of their beginning and now, there are erroneous ideas and expectations about the purpose, content and results of the reform process. The root cause of this false perception is, assumingly, the disciplinary isolation of economics, as economics is considered to be a universal extrapolitical and extra-cultural constant. To confirm this thesis, the main stages of the transformation of the ideology of building the Chinese economic model, its transition from an anti-market and anticapitalist position to a Chinese-specific socialism model are considered. It is shown that among the trajectories of China’s future development, Western economists and politicians saw only the two main ones: creeping liberalization and limiting the influence of the state in the Chinese economy, accompanied by democratization of the political sphere, on the one hand, and reaching the limits of economic growth possible for countries with authoritarian institutions, on the other. However, the collective action factor ignored by researchers has formed a stable growth economy, not accompanied by political liberalization.

Scientific novelty: consists in comprehending the discourses about the Chinese economy as a result of the challenge posed by the Chinese reforms to mainstream political economy.

Practical significance: the provisions and conclusions of the research can be further used to study the influence of economic theory on socio-political discourses and political decisions.

Objective: to analyze the general patterns of political dynamics (primarily in interstate relations) caused by the presence of competition between the key political actors.

Methods: methods of mathematical dynamic modeling are used to study competitive interactions.

Results: the work is the second part of the article devoted to the analysis of general patterns of socio-economic and political dynamics. This part of the study analyzes the issues of competition of social systems, general features of competitive interactions based on the study of the basic mathematical model describing competition in socio-economic and political spheres. It has been shown that the basic mathematical model of competition allows describing the features of geopolitical dynamics both in terms of competition and in terms of partnership.

Scientific novelty: the results of analysis and mathematical modeling allow identifying the patterns of geopolitical dynamics and determining the conditions under which the implementation of various options for global development is possible.

Practical significance: comprehension of the conditions of transition from one mode of geopolitical interaction to another increases the validity of the geopolitical dynamics forecast.

Objective: to assess the competitiveness of a Russian electric car and an ICE car, taking into account the external costs associated with emissions of the main greenhouse gas – CO₂.

Methods: the article uses comparative and quantitative methods, the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of estimating the total cost of ownership (TCO), justifies the use of the avoidance cost approach as an optimal approach to assessing the external costs associated with climate change.

Results: modern efficient economic development is inextricably linked with the organization of a low-carbon transport system. The green transition to electric vehicles makes it possible to solve the problem of externalities associated with the increased public costs due to greenhouse gas emissions. The paper examines the prospects for the transition to electric cars from the viewpoint of reducing the external costs of cars. The article assesses the current state and key barriers to the development of electric transport production. A comparative assessment of the competitiveness of Russian electric vehicles and ICE cars is given, taking into account the external costs associated with carbon emissions. The comparison was carried out based on an estimate of the total cost of ownership, taking into account the external costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was determined that the total cost of five-year ownership of the Evolute i-Pro car, taking into account support measures, is even lower than that of the Lada Vesta Sport ICE sedan, which is close to it in terms of technical characteristics, by 342.7 thousand rubles. Without subsidies, Evolute i-Pro does not yet achieve parity in the cost of ownership with an ICE car, despite low operating costs, free parking and exemption from paying transport tax. Based on the conducted research, conclusions are made about the measures necessary to increase the gap between the total costs of ownership in ICE cars and electric cars to increase the competitiveness of the latter.

Scientific novelty: the author’s approach was used to compare the competitiveness of the new Russian electric car Evolute i-Pro and Lada Vesta Sport ICE car, which, in addition to support measures, includes external costs associated with carbon emissions.

Practical significance: the results obtained may be useful to developers of state support measures in assessing the effectiveness of the current subsidy mechanism and making decisions on further stimulating the development of the electric cars market in Russia. The results of the study will also be especially useful to residents of Moscow who are thinking of buying a Russian electric car.

Objective: to determine the vector of changes for Russia’s recovery from the crisis and transformation of the innovation model in the context of trends of the 4^th scientific and technological revolution. To this end, it is necessary to identify internal systemic problems that have worsened under the influence of sanctions and hinder the country’s scientific and technological development.

Methods: the system analysis of phenomena and processes in the scientific, technological and socio-economic spheres is based on the methodological approach by Academician D. S. Lvov to the study of Russia under reforms as a precursor of the systemic economic paradigm developed under the guidance of G. B. Kleyner, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Results: a decline in the economy, science and social sphere has been revealed, as was predicted by Academician D. S. Lvov, in case the problems of the transition period are not solved. The essential obstacles are revealed, which hinder both the country leaving the bifurcation point and economic growth based on intellectual factors and advanced technologies. Statistics are presented demonstrating the obsolescence of industrial equipment, the reduced investment in the knowledge economy, the stagnation of innovative activity of organizations, and the worsening social imbalances. Based on the analysis results, the conclusions of D. S. Lvov and other scientists and specialists, guidelines are proposed for changing the model of scientific and technological development; the leading directions for changing the state policy are given. Conclusions and recommendations refer to the fundamental factors not only of the model of scientific and technological development, but also of the economic model as a whole.

Scientific novelty: consists in a new format of an approach to the formulation of the problem of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its solution through the prism of D. S. Lvov’s scientific heritage. Provisions of his teaching are actualized and their relevance for contemporary еconomy is substantiated in relation to identifying a crisis situation similar to the current one in scale and influence, as well as to determining the ways out of the crisis.

Practical significance: the results of the study can become the basis for expanding the system of knowledge within the problem of scientific and technological development, as well as be used in the practical activities of public authorities to develop solutions for crisis management of the economy.

Objective: to identify the presence/absence of transmission of financial contagion between sectors of the Russian economy during the 2020-2021 pandemic.

Methods: the study is based on data on the inter-sessional average daily profitability of six industry indices of the Russian trading system for the period from 01.01.2019 to 23.02.2022. Using the calculation of the sliding coefficient of variation for the average industry index of the Russian trading system and the sliding growth rate of coronavirus infection, three periods of pandemic shock were identified: short-term (acute phase of the pandemic), medium-term (covering the first and second waves of infection), and long-term (up to the announcement of the Russian special military operation in Ukraine). Intersectoral contamination was identified on the basis of strengthening the relationships between the profitability of industry assets by analyzing three distribution points: the correlation coefficient adjusted for heteroscedasticity (Forbes–Rigobon test), tests for co-asymmetry and co-kurtosis of the distribution.

Results: estimates of the scale and direction of financial contagion between the Russian economic sectors during the pandemic were obtained. Firstly, they indicate an increase in confirmed cases of intersectoral contagion in the medium and long term, which indicates a “long-term trace” of the pandemic. Secondly, the number of contagions increases closer to higher distribution points. Thirdly, the main branches of the Russian economy (metallurgy and oil industry), contrary to expectations, turned out to be the least connected with other branches of the Russian economy during the pandemic. The telecommunications sector demonstrated the greatest propensity to transmit contagion. The conclusion about the consumer sphere and trade being the most exposed to contagion is rather expected.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, estimates of intersectoral financial contagion for the Russian economy during the pandemic have been obtained, which indicate the presence of both short-term and long-term effects of the pandemic, as well as the strengthened role of certain industries (in particular, the telecommunications industry) in the transmission of contagion under the economy digitalization.

Practical significance: the data obtained can be useful in managing the financial stability of individual industries during pandemic-type crises.

Objective: to develop a criminological concept of DeFi-crime and measures to deter it.

Methods: dialectical materialism and the general scientific methods of cognition based on it, used in the Russian criminology.

Results: a criminological concept of DeFi-crime as a type of digital crime was developed, i.e. a new specific criminological theory of DeFi-crime (DeFi-criminology) within the structure of digital criminology was proposed. The information factors influencing the DeFi-crime state, structure and trends were determined, and measures for its deterrence by criminological and technological means were proposed.

Scientific novelty: the presented work is the first and only study conducted within the framework of digital criminology, reflecting the state, trends and structure of DeFi-crime, revealing the main causes that form it, as well as describing options for deterring this type of digital crime by technological and criminological means.

Practical significance: the study results can be used in law enforcement activities when assessing potential threats from DeFicrime and developing measures to reduce them; in educational activities – in the process of teaching courses in criminology, cybercriminology, digital criminology; in research activities – when obtaining additional knowledge on certain types of DeFi–crime: DeFi-theft and DeFi-fraud during their further research in DeFi-criminology.

Objective: to assess the state of legal regulation of award relations in theRussian Federation subjects and to develop measures for its systematization and improvement.

Methods: the main methods of the conducted research are general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, comparison, extrapolation, and specific-legal methods of cognition of award relations based on them, used in the Russian theory of law and the state.

Results: an analysis of more than 500 regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has shown that in some regions special laws were adopted in addition to the existing comprehensive laws on awards, which regulate the establishment of regional parliamentary awards, as well as awards of regional state authorities; that in most of the Russian Federation subjects, state (republican, regional, district, municipal) awards are regulated outside the comprehensive award legislation, but within the framework of incentive law, by their own legislation on regional awards and/or by-laws of the regional state authorities; that in some Russian regions there are special laws establishing simultaneously not only state awards of the Russian Federation subject, but also state scholarships.

The territorial scope of the study is limited to the Russian Federation as of September 30, 2022, before the Donetsk People’s Republic, Luhansk People’s Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions, which established their regional awards, became part of it. The time frames of the monitoring study are limited to the period from 1991 to February 10, 2023.

Scientific novelty: for the first time in Russian legal science, a monitoring study of the award law of all subjects of the Russian Federation was conducted, which allows assessing the quality of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions and, if necessary, improving the system of regional awards and other incentives for positive lawful behavior.

Practical significance: the results obtained can be used in the law-making activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects in improving regional award legislation, establishing official regional awards and systematizing the legal regulation of award relations. The conclusions of the conducted research enable to eliminate contradictions between the norms of award law and the norms of other regulatory legal acts.

Objective: to perform typologization of organizations in the aspect of counteracting corruption based on generalization of approaches to understanding organizations and highlighting their types in the system of scientific knowledge.

Methods: general scientific method of dialectical cognition, as well as a number of specific scientific methods, such as legal, systemic-structural, formal-logical, etc.

Results: a significant obstacle in building a system of corruption counteraction in organizations is the lack of fundamental intersectoral scientific research ranking organizations depending on the degree of influence of their activities on national security. The typologization of organizations in the aspect of corruption counteraction is of great methodological importance, since it allows establishing the basic scientific and practical approaches to ensuring anti-corruption activities, depending on the degree of corruption-related danger of such organizations. Generalization of approaches to the understanding of organizations and the identification of their varieties allowed establishing the dominance of civil law in the knowledge of organizations. At the same time, the classifications of organizations used in this branch of law do not enable to achieve the goal of this study. In this regard, within the framework of this work, the need for interdisciplinary scientific knowledge of the essential characteristics of organizations is actualized, the identification of signs for the typologization of organizations is problematized, and a working typology of organizations in the aspect of combating corruption is proposed. The further scientific cognition of corruption manifestations and mechanisms of their reproduction in the activities of various types of organizations will make it possible to reveal the reserves of anti-corruption activities and provide a systematic multilevel approach in their implementation.

Scientific novelty: the paper substantiates the need for typologization of organizations in interconnection with the influence of their corruptiogenity on the security of society and the state to build a multilevel system of counteracting corruption in organizations of various types.

Practical significance: the research results can be used in determining the directions for improving state policy in the field of corruption counteraction, as well as anticorruption activity of organizations.

Objective: the objective of this study is to identify the critical factors that present challenges and opportunities for parolees in Malaysia to avoid committing repeated crimes and reduce recidivism.

Methods: the study employs a qualitative approach, using face-to-face interviews with prison officers in the state of Pahang, Malaysia, to gather data. Content analysis is used to analyse the data and identify the critical factors for parole activities in Malaysia.

Results: the study identified five crucial factors that affect parole activities in Malaysia: individuals, families, communities, private institutions, and government policies. Individuals refer to the characteristics and behavior of the parolee, while families and communities relate to the support and involvement of the parolee’s family and community in the rehabilitation process. Private institutions, such as Intermediate Houses and Corporate Smart Internship (CSI), can provide support and resources for parolees, and effective government policies and practices can ensure successful reintegration into society. Further studies could investigate the specific ways in which these factors influence parole activities in Malaysia and explore best practices for reducing recidivism rates.

Scientific novelty: this study contributes to the literature on parole activities in Malaysia by identifying critical factors that can impact the success of the parole system in reducing recidivism. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by parolees in Malaysia.

Practical significance: the findings of this study can be used by the Malaysian Prisons Department to develop effective strategies and policies to reduce recidivism rates and improve the success of the parole system. The study can also be used by other countries with similar parole systems to identify critical factors that impact the success of their parole programs.

Objective: to document the declining respect for expertise in the US Congress, the implications for policymaking given the wholesale nature of the legislative process, and some possible ways to account for the decline of expertise in the legislative process.

Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.

Results: It is no surprise to anyone that the US Congress has become a hyperpartisan battleground where little effort is expended to promote policies that work for Americans. While the US Congress has always viewed policy issues through the lens of party politics, the role of nonpartisan expertise in the legislative process is at an all-time low. The disrespect for experts is growing across society, but the decline in their use is particularly troubling in the US Congress because it exacerbates deficiencies that are inherent to the legislative process. The US Congress passes laws of general applicability and does not sit in judgment of specific applications of the law. Whether the US Congress does a good job setting those general policies depends on the process it uses for doing so. Sometimes, though increasingly rarely, the US Congress gathers the relevant facts and arguments about different aspects of a problem before acting. More often, legislators have specific outlier problems or prototypes in mind when they draft legislation, and if there is not an expert fact-finding process in place to study a proposal, cognitive biases may go unchecked.

Scientific novelty: Part I details the role nonpartisan experts have played in the legislative process over time and documents the various ways that experts have fallen out of favor in the US Congress. Part II explains why this decline of expert involvement in legislation is particularly troubling given the way the US Congress operates as a body making wholesale policy with little individualized feedback on how its policies are applying to real-world scenarios. Part III then turns to the question of what, if anything, could or should be done about it. While the US Congress could, in theory, shift course, that seems unlikely. Throughout its history, the US Congress has cared about nonpartisan expertise when it worried about presidential overreach. But with parties dominating the political landscape, there is little likelihood that the US Congress will care enough about its institutional position relative to the executive. In the absence of legislative reform, Part III therefore considers two additional implications of the decline of expertise in the legislative process. First, the decline of internal expertise in the legislative body places greater weight on the use of administrative agencies to provide that guidance. Ironically, the US Supreme Court may be toying with a revitalization of the nondelegation doctrine at the precise moment that delegation is most urgently needed. Second, courts and other bodies that interpret statutes could consider the relationship between statutory meaning and the US Congress’s consultation with nonpartisan experts to help address statutory ambiguities.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the functioning of the US Congress.

Objective: to analyze video games with anticorruption components and to make a conclusion of the possibility to use them in anticorruption education with various mechanics, plots and narratives.

Methods: analysis and summarization of the narrative of commercial video games, studies of the scientific literature and research aimed at revealing the influence of video games on a player’s cognitive abilities, as well as studying the possibilities of using video games in education and enlightenment allowed us to assume that video games may be used as an auxiliary instrument for anticorruption enlightenment.

Also, we analyzed the audience of video games players to determine its relevancy for the goals of anticorruption education. According to the goals of anticorruption education identified by us, namely: ability to distinguish corruption and its types, developing negative attitude to corruption and positive attitude to a whistle-blower, illustration of short-term and long-term consequences of corruption – we performed a critical analysis of the video games narrative in order to identify the ones most appropriate for anticorruption education.

Results: in the work, we studied the educational potential of video games and determined the efficiency level of their influence of the educational process. By the example of particular game projects, we proved in practice the expediency of using video games as a tool of anticorruption education.

Scientific novelty: the article proves inexpediency of assessing video games exclusively as a form of escapism and, for the first time, specifies the examples of practical implementation of commercial video games, not being training programs or simulators, for organization of anticorruption education.

Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in practical activity when developing long-term strategies and programs of anticorruption education, as well as within the activity of developing video games to assess longterm consequences of the narrative used.

Objective: to review the scientific contribution of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev to the Russian economics; to determine the best practices and life position of R. M. Nureyev which enabled him to leave a deep mark in economics.

Methods: retrospective scientific-bibliographic analysis, abstract-logical, monographic methods.

Results: the main results of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev’s scientific activity were listed; the most significant works were described that allowed him, in the authors’ opinion, to receive all-Russian and world recognition. The works are conditionally divided into two groups: popular works in the field of economic theory and modern significant works.

Scientific novelty: the main stages and achievements of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev’s scientific activity are noted, as well as the impressions of the authors formed in the process of working with him.

Practical significance: the review will help to get acquainted with the scientific contribution of R. M. Nureyev to the Russian science.