Objective: to study the relationship between economic ideology and politics in the context of Russian post-Soviet reforms using a narrative approach in analyzing the role of ideas and interests in shaping economic policy.

Methods: historical and economic analysis of the evolution of economic policy and ideological trends in Russia; machine analysis of the texts of 134 thousand scientific articles (1992–2023) to identify the dynamics of ideological trends; qualitative analysis of narratives through the prism of their practical implementation.

Results: the article reveals the reasons for the discrepancies between the proclaimed goals and the results of the 1990s liberal reform. Using the example of the unsuccessful fight against inflation, the author shows the difference between the proclaimed policy goals (corresponding to the liberal ideology) and its actual results – high inflation, contrary to the liberal ideology. The key theoretical narratives accompanying the reforms are analyzed: “shock therapy”, “the invisible hand of the market”, “Washington consensus”, “privatization and effective owners”, “monetarism and money supply control”, “theory of comparative advantages”, “the state as an effective owner of development institutions”, “mobilization economy”, “national projects”, “modernization and innovative economy”, “economy of the Russian civilization”, “cultivation of institutions”, and “environmentalism as an element of geopolitical strategy”; their transformation from neoliberalism to dirigisme and etatism is shown. It was revealed that the actual policy was determined by compromises between interest groups, rather than ideological attitudes.

Scientific novelty: the author proposes an original interpretation of the reasons for the failures of liberal reforms in Russia through a conflict of interests and the inadequacy of imported ideologies. It is proved that the import of ideologies without taking into account the local context leads to systemic contradictions.

Practical significance: the results study allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms of economic ideas and theoretical narratives influencing the actual policy, which is important for assessing the proposed reforms and their potential consequences.

Objective: to identify the dialectical contradiction between geo-economy and neoliberalism under the increasing geo-economic competition and the changing nature of international economic policy, the essence of which in practice manifests itself in the simultaneous course of two multidirectional processes – globalization and regionalization.

Methods: to achieve the research goal, mainly qualitative methods of analysis and mixed (interdisciplinary) approaches were used, providing a deep understanding of modern economic processes. They include a historiographical overview, analysis of key geo-economic projects and policy instruments, as well as a study of the conflict between neoliberal and geo-economic paradigms.

Results: the multidimensional nature of the “geo-economy” concept is revealed; the essence of the conflict between neoliberalism and geo-economics at the present stage is shown. The main trend of geo-economic policy is revealed: foreign economic activity of many countries, despite its neoliberal component, is increasingly based on geo-economic policy to achieve global influence through the latest technologies, dynamic innovations and ensuring the country security. The main projects of geopolitical actors (the Chinese “One Belt, One Road” initiative, the European “Global Gateway” program) focus on geo-economic relations and strengthening strategic positions and technological sovereignty. The main instruments of geo-economic policy are identified.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, the dialectical contradiction between geo-economy and neoliberalism was systematically investigated, which allowed the development of methodological tools for analyzing modern global economic processes.

Practical significance: the study results can be used to develop a foreign economic policy that takes into account the balance between globalization and regionalization, as well as to assess the effectiveness of geo-economic instruments in the face of modern challenges. The main conclusions can also be used to study modern global processes in the global economy and politics.

Objective: to identify the stages of preventive institutional crisis management in an enterprise to improve the effectiveness of potential crisis management.

Methods: abstract-logical method and its techniques: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy; ascent from the abstract to the concrete; formalization and modeling.

Results: the stages of preventive anti-crisis management of the enterprise, identified by foreign and Russian researchers, were systematized. The key gaps of the existing models were identified, particularly, the lacking consideration of institutional factors, process cyclicality, and described transition to the reactive phase. The optimal sequence of implementation of preventive institutional crisis management at the enterprise was determined, which, unlike the classical linear model, allows flexible adaptation to the analysis results and selection of the most relevant scenarios. It is proposed to divide the preventive monitoring system into two formats: abbreviated (without taking into account institutional factors and the regional economy) and broad (taking them into account). A schematic diagram of the preventive institutional crisis management process was developed, including algorithms in alternative situations.

Scientific novelty: it consists in identifying new stages: adjusting actions based on the control results; a set of measures during the transition to reactive management; recognizing problems and identifying opportunities; provocative institutional crisis management at the enterprise; and pilot measures to eliminate threats and implement opportunities. The institutional nature of management is emphasized through the links with the regional environment and the diagnosis of management style and informal relationships. For the first time, the content was disclosed and concepts for new blocks of stages were proposed, namely, “preventive monitoring” and “provocative crisis management”.

Practical significance: the implementation of the proposed new stages of preventive crisis management will allow enterprises to respond promptly and adequately to the precursors and prerequisites of crises, eliminating them at an early stage with significantly lower costs compared to classical reactive management.

Objective: to identify sector-related trends in the industrial production dynamics in Russia; to assess the contribution of various sectors, as well as factors of physical volume and prices growth in the value of the Russian industry and its sectors under the new anti-Russian sanctions (2022-2024).

Methods: the study is based on Rosstat data on the cost of shipped goods and production volume indices for four aggregated types of economic activity and detailed industrial sectors. We used factor analysis, decomposition of growth rates by sector, and the Divisia method to decompose value gains into factors of changes in output and prices.

Results: the author identified trends in the cost of industrial production in the first three years of the new anti-Russian sanctions. The year 2022 is shown to be the most difficult for the manufacturing industry, after which recovery growth began. For the extractive industry, the greatest negative effect of sanctions occurred in 2023, after which some recovery also started. The situation was very different in specific industries. The sectoral decomposition of the growth rates of the cost of industrial production allowed identifying the industries that made the greatest contribution to the increase and decrease in the growth rates of industrial production in each year under study. Factor decomposition of the growth rate of industrial production using the Divisia method revealed that in 2022 the price factor made the greatest contribution to the growth rate of cost. In 2023, the impact of both factors (volume and prices) was comparable, although the price factor was still predominant. In 2024, the contribution of the price factor increased again, which indicates some overheating of the economy. The differences between the influence of the price factor and the factor of physical production volumes in specific industries were identified and explained. For 2023 and 2024, a weak reverse correlation was established between changes in prices and volumes in industrial sectors. The author concludes that the supply economy prevailed over the demand economy in that period.

Scientific novelty: for the first time for the Russian economy, a detailed analysis of the dynamics of industrial sectors over the three years of new anti-Russian sanctions is presented; the contribution of various sectors to the growth of the cost of industrial production in the country is estimated, as well as the contribution of price factors and physical production volumes to the total cost of industry and its sectors.

Practical significance: the data obtained can be useful in managing structural shifts in industry and developing an effective industrial policy aimed at countering the harsh sanctions regime.

Objective: to develop and test a methodology for identifying trans-regional growth centers based on smart specialization. This allows identifying territorial clusters with high innovation potential and spatial patterns of interregional interaction in the context of ensuring Russia’s technological sovereignty.

Methods: the study is based on a comprehensive analysis of official statistics and expert assessments. The methods of confirmatory factor analysis were used to calculate the integral index of smart specialization potential, which takes into account scientific potential, educational infrastructure, digitalization, innovation activity, R&D financing, labor market, foreign economic activity, and government regulation. The global and local Moran indices, as well as the “hot points” method, were used to estimate spatial autocorrelation.

Results: significant spatial autocorrelation between the regions of Russia was revealed (global Moran index – 0.457). The author identified 12 first-order transregional growth centers (Perm region, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Tomsk regions, Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod, Kaluga, Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk regions), 12 second-order centers and 28 territories in their zone of influence, forming the core of smart specialization in Russia. It was determined that the most stable territorial clusters appear when regions with different types of industry specialization are integrated. For individual growth centers, a “shadow effect” was identified that prevents the diffusion of innovations and technology transfer.

Scientific novelty: the author developed a methodology that combines the analysis of individual characteristics of regional innovation systems and network effects of territorial interactions. For the first time, an integrated approach to the assessment of smart specialization was applied, taking into account interregional relations, which contributes to the formation of an adaptive regional policy.

Practical significance: the methodology allows differentiating state support measures for territorial clusters. The results can be used in the elaboration of territorial development strategies and regional innovation growth programs. The identified growth centers serve as the basis for coordinating interregional projects and optimizing resource allocation.

Objective: to measure the short- and long-term effects of currency exchange rate transfer on consumer prices in modern Russian realities with the analysis of the effect asymmetry.

Methods: the study is based on the Federal State Statistics Agency and the Russian Central Bank data on the consumer price index, dollar exchange rate, and gross domestic product for 2000-2024. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model similar to error correction model (ECM).

Results: the article shows cointegration relationship between the consumer price index, the exchange rate, the GDP gap, and the global consumer price trend. The research found excess of the short-term effect of the transfer over the long-term one, the strengthening of the short-term effect of the exchange rate transfer and the weakening of the long-term effect after 2020. In comparison with the results of previous studies over the past time periods, there is a decrease in the incomplete effect of the currency exchange rate transfer on consumer prices and a reduction in its volatility. To explain the results obtained, the author concludes that the direct and indirect mechanisms of exchange rate transfer play a combined role in increasing the short-term effect regardless of the monetary policy regime. It is shown that the inflation targeting regime, the new configuration of foreign economic relations and weakened traditional channels of economic structural changes transfer influence the reduction of the transfer long-term effect after 2020. The asymmetry of the exchange rate in the long term is proved, when the effect of lower prices exceeds the effect of rising prices.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article assesses the effect of currency exchange rate transfer and its asymmetry in the Russian economy under the sanctions and economic structural changes after 2020.

Practical significance: the presented results can be useful in developing monetary policy regimes, managing the structure of foreign economic relations, and developing effective economic policy in modern conditions.

Objective: to develop scientifically sound provisions on community sanctions in the Russian criminal law; to develop proposals for the inclusion in criminal and criminal procedure laws of norms on conditional release from criminal liability and on termination of criminal prosecution due to transferring a person on bail to an organization or institution staff.

Methods: a dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, which allows analyzing their development and functioning, as well as applying general scientific (analysis, deduction, induction, logical method, generalization, synthesis, extrapolation) and special (questioning, historical-legal, comparative, statistical, and formal-legal) research methods.

Results: the author determined the place of community sanctions in the Russian criminal law and substantiated the proposal to supplement criminal and criminal-procedural legislation with norms on conditional release from criminal liability and on termination of criminal prosecution due to transferring a person on bail to an organization or institution staff. The normative basis for release from criminal liability is constructed from the objective conditions under which a person is subject to preliminary release. The final release is conditional on the accused’s compliance with the probation conditions. The normative basis for the termination of criminal prosecution is composed of objective and subjective conditions. Moreover, the proposed criminal-procedural norm contains instructions to the court: a) the territorial body of internal affairs and the guarantor should monitor compliance with the probation and training conditions, submitting a report on the subject’s fulfillment of duties, b) the exemption from criminal liability should be canceled, the pledge should be sent to the state revenue and the bailed person should be subject to punishment in case of systematic or malicious non-fulfillment of these duties.

Scientific novelty: the article proves the need to consolidate community sanctions in the Russian criminal law. It argues that the criminal and criminal-procedural laws should stipulate norms on conditional release from criminal liability, termination of criminal prosecution due to transferring a person on bail to an organization or institution staff. The author discloses the grounds and conditions for this release/termination, as well as other circumstances aimed at the effective application of these standards. In addition, the article shows legal prospects of collateral surety as a community sanction for a criminal.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions set out in the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical, and law-making activities to study and improve the institutions for exemption from criminal liability and termination of criminal prosecution.

Objective: to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of the US elections in the context of using artificial intelligence.

Methods: the article employs the dialectical method of cognition, as well as general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific (formal-legal) research methods.

Results: The article assesses the current regulatory landscape for synthetic media in political advertising to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of greater regulation. Based on current and emerging regulatory approaches, the author examines how governments and private actors have limited synthetic media usage within existing First Amendment jurisprudence. Although initial prohibitions served a necessary role, the author proposes that transparency enforcement is the best approach and should be built upon by creating a repository that contains information on an advertisement's synthetic content.

Scientific novelty: Synthetic media, or content generated using artificial intelligence, has begun to infect political advertising. Federal legislation has spent most of its time stalled in committees, but states and online platforms have rapidly implemented regulations. Although synthetic media may pose harms through voter manipulation and democratic distortion, it also can lower campaign costs and more vividly illustrate conceptions of a political choice's consequences. Some governments and commentators have sought to prohibit the most harmful forms, while others have focused more on transparent approaches to regulation. In the face of yet another contentious election cycle, the question of how to ensure choices are made based on belief and not manipulation looms large.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to regulation of the US elections.

Objective: to analyze a bill on changes in the US election legislation referring to prohibiting the use of deepfakes of federal candidates in political advertising and to solving certain legal problems based on this research.

Methods: the article uses the general dialectical method of cognition, as well as general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific (formal-legal) research methods.

Results: The paper considers whether the Protect Elections from Deceptive AI Act, a proposed federal ban of AI-generated deepfakes portraying federal candidates in political advertisements, is constitutional. The author concludes that the bill is constitutional under the First Amendment and that less speech restrictive alternatives fail to address the risks of deepfakes. The paper suggests revisions to narrow the bill's application and ensure its apolitical enforcement: a) the statutory requirement that an individual acts with the purpose of “influencing an election or soliciting funds” should be more specific to hold bad actors accountable; b) the ban should be limited to a fixed period before the election to narrow its application and focus on the most damaging advertisements; c) enforcement by an independent agency, such as the FEC, should be considered to mitigate concerns of partisan enforcement.

Scientific novelty: the analysis of the proposed changes in the US election legislation referring to prohibiting the use of deepfakes of federal candidates in political advertising shows that in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed rapidly. Accompanying this advancement in sophistication and accessibility are various societal benefits and risks. For example, political campaigns and political action committees have begun to use AI in advertisements to generate deepfakes of opposing candidates to influence voters. Deepfakes of political candidates interfere with voters' ability to discern falsity from reality and make informed decisions at the ballot box. Deepfakes pose a threat to the integrity of elections and the existence of democracy. Despite the dangers of deepfakes, regulating false political speech raises significant First Amendment questions.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to regulation of the US elections in particular and the US political system in general.

Objective: to review the field of cognitive-intelligent modeling and the field of knowledge visualization to identify unresolved issues, challenges and risks.

Methods: an overview of the field of cognitive modeling, which is viewed as a set of methods for the external representation of human cognitive structures and processes in the form of formal or ill-formalized cognitive maps. Some of the problems, risks, and cognitive distortions are described that arise in the conceptualization of knowledge and affect the validity, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models.

Results: the author shows the relationship of cognitive modeling with the concepts of ill-structured problems and wicked problems that describe a class of complex real-world situations. Five categories of cognitive modeling methods and ways of constructing collective cognitive maps were briefly described. The interrelation of cognitive modeling and knowledge management in terms of knowledge conceptualization were determined. Some risks of knowledge visualization were summarized, including excessive confidence in the visualization reliability; ambiguous interpretations due to multiple implicit meanings; dependence on the user’s previous experience and visual literacy. Unresolved issues of reliability, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models were outlined. A methodological gap was identified in the transition from an ill-formalized to a formal cognitive map. A shortage of review papers was marked to systematize and comprehend the results, experience and knowledge in the field of cognitive modeling.

Scientific novelty: the conducted review of the field of cognitive modeling allowed setting and justifying the research task of integrating cognitive modeling methods and knowledge visualization methods to reduce the risks arising from cognitive distortions in human intellectual activity.

Practical significance: the risks of cognitive distortion associated with any process of cognitive-intellectual modeling should be taken into account by both modelers and users. It is impossible to eliminate these risks completely, but they can be reduced to an acceptable extent through the combined use of cognitive modeling and knowledge visualization methods.